PSYC
Which of the following is the best example of a habit?
chewing on your hair to relieve stress
Which of the following examples accurately reflects the Yerkes-Dodson law?
A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb.
18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.
Accomodation
Thalia suffers from insomnia. She tries everything, and she finally develops the habit of counting backward when she wants to sleep but cannot. Thalia finds that she falls asleep much easier once she starts counting backward, so she continues to do so. ________ theory suggests that she continues this habit because it results in homeostasis.
Drive
Which of the following are examples of the social level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Family and friendship
Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?
Lawrence Kohlberg
Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?
Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school.
Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?
assimilation
Which of the following exemplifies intrinsically motivated behavior?
attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
discontinuous
Body dysmorphia is a ________.
distorted body image
Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops________.
during early childhood
The culture display rule is one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of ______ that are acceptable.
emotion
Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
esteem
motivation arises from external factors or rewards.
extrinsic
Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.
fine
Dorothy knows songs and rhymes by memory. She can name most colors and numbers, she can even write the letters of her name. Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?
four
A person's ________ rate is the amount of energy she expends in a given period of time.
metabolic
Specific normative events are also called ________.
milestones
Food, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
physiological
According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________.
physiological and cognitive
In the _____ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.
preoperational
A(an)_____ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.
zygote
Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of motor skills.
gross
Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.
how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger
Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
identity vs confusion
Which of the following is an example of instinct?
infant rooting for a nipple
Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
initiative vs guilt
After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
integrity vs despair
The concept conservation refers to ____.?
knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added
What is Prader-Willi syndrome?
A genetic disorder resulting in obesity
Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?
Sigmund Freud
which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?
When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.
Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?
achievement gap
According to research, the need for _______ encourages Adam to engage politely with his coworkers.
affiliation
Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Mercy probably suffers from ________.
anorexia
_____ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.
anorexia
Ego identity is our ________.
sense of self
During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.
sensorimotor
A _____ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage.
teratogen