psyc

When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of a Big Mac. In this instance, a Big Mac is a(n):

prototype

Scottish folds, Devon rexes, and Maine coons are not _____ cats because they have flat rather than pointy ears, curly rather than straight hair, and large rather than smallish bodies, respectively.

prototypical

imaginative thinking skills

provide the ability to see things in novel ways, to recognize patterns, and to make connections

A venturesome personality

seeks new experiences, tolerates ambiguity and risk, and perseveres in overcoming obstacles

A creative environment

sparks, supports, and refines creative ideas

Expertise

specialized knowledge (in a particular field); expert skill

Intrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at:

creative problem solving

divergent thinking

expanding the number of possible problem solutions; creative thinking that diverges in different directions

Whenever Arlo reminded himself that his musical skills could earn him fame and fortune, he became less creative in his musical performance. This BEST illustrates that creativity may be inhibited by:

extrinsic motivation.

Presenting an issue in a specific way that affects judgment and decision making is known as _____.

framing

Presenting an issue in a specific way that affects judgment and decision making is known as:

framing

When attempting to persuade others, it is better to focus on the positive rather than the negative. This is a characteristic of:

framing

Fixation

Inability to view problems from a new angle

Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at a local supermarket. They are trying to decide which of the two different-sized cans is a better buy. Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each contains. Monica suggests that the larger size is usually a better buy. Lori is using a(n) _____; Monica is using a(n) _____.

algorithm; heuristic

cognition

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

According to the principle of belief perseverance, when faced with evidence supporting one's point of view on a controversial issue, one would MOST likely:

assume it is correct

Isaac Newton stated that he was able to solve difficult scientific problems by thinking about them all the time. This BEST demonstrates:

intrinsic motivation

Availability Heuristic

judging the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common

Representativeness Heuristic

judging the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

A prototype is the:

most representative example of a concept.

convergent thinking

narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Belief Perseverance

the persistence of one's initial conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.

Framing

the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments

Sultan, a chimpanzee studied by Wolfgang Köhler, displayed evidence for animal cognition. He was given a short stick that could not reach a banana but then seemed to have an Aha! experience. He used the short stick:

to pull in a longer stick, which he used to reach the banana.