Psych 1030 Chap 9 & 10
False
A feature of crystallized intelligence is that it does not increase throughout the life span
attachment
According to Ainsworth, babies who demonstrate proximity to their mother and separation anxiety when apart are showing indications of ______
identity exploration
According to Arnett, what is a feature of the stage of emerging adulthood
True
According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, the preoperational stage is characterized by the use of words and symbols to represent objects and relationships among them
individual psychology
Adler's theory of personality, which emphasizes the unique potential of each individual
creative self
Adler's theory of the self-aware part of personality that organizes goal-seeking efforts - strive to achieve full potential
initial pre-attachment
Ainsworth identified three stages of attachment: the _________ phase, the attachment-in-the-making phase, and the clear-cut-attachment phase
False
Alfred Adler believed that people are motivated by the collective unconscious. (true or false)
False
Biting one's fingernails or smoking cigarettes is a sign of conflict experienced during early childhood
True
Bloodletting and vomiting were once recommended as ways of coping with depression (true or false)
True
Carl Rogers believed that we all have unique frames of reference (true or false)
Electra complex
Conflict during phallic stage in which girls supposedly love their fathers romantically and want to eliminate their mothers as rivals
False
During Middle adulthood, people are at their height of sensory sharpness, strength, reaction time, and cardiovascular fitness - true or false
diffusion
Erik Erikson considers the life crisis of adolescence to be ego identity versus role ___
false
Erik Erikson is credited with developing the psychosexual stages of development (true or false)
generality versus stagnation
Erikson labeled the life crisis of the middle years as
establishment of close relationships
Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage
psychosocial development
Erikson's theory, which emphasizes the importance of social relationships and conscious choice throughout eight stages of development
dependent on their primary caregivers
Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of psychological development in children states ___
True
Freud believed that children encounter conflict during each stage of psychosexual development. (true or false)
psychodynamic theory
Freud's perspective, which emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as forces that determine behavior
phallic stage begin in the 3 year
Freud's third stage of personality development, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals.
oral stage
Greg becomes a chain smoker in his early teens. According to the psychosexual stage of personality development, he is fixated at the ____
contact comfort
Harry Harlow (1959) demonstrated that attachment in rhesus monkeys was related to ______
False
Hippocrates associated a choleric personality with warmth and cheerfulness (true or false)
analytical psychology
Jung's psychodynamic theory, which emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes
Collective Unconscious (Jung)
Jung's theory that we all share an inherited memory that contains our culture's most basic elements
reflexes
Neonates show___, which are simple, unlearned, stereotypical responses elicited by specific stimuli
concrete
Paiget's ___ operation period is characterized by conservation and reversibility
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
Piaget's stages of cognitive development are, in order of increasing age ___
True
Self-esteem is connected with patterns of acculturation among immigrants (true or false)
a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother
The Electra complex involves:
Socialcultural Perspective
The focus on the importance of social and cultural contexts in influencing the behavior of individuals.
true
The preconscious mind contains ideas that are out of awareness but can be made conscious by focusing on them (true or false)
fetal stage
The third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth. On ultrasound, you can hear a strong heartbeat, able to see fingers and toes, baby frequently kicks.
zone
Vygotsky used the concepts of scaffolding and the ___ of proximal development to explain cognitive development
the influence of teachers on children's cognitive development
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on:
Latency stage
Which stage of psychosexual development is characterized by the repression of sexual impulses
formal
___ operational though is characterized by hypothetical thinking and deductive logic
Fluid
_____ intelligence is mental flexibility as shown by the ability to solve new kinds of problems
Oedipus complex
a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance a parent's unconditional love
false
a child looks at rain and thunder and says that they are caused by adults. In the sensorimotor stage this is termed as artificialism - true or false
gender schema theory
a child's means of organizing their perception of the world - a cluster of ideas about masculine and feminine physical traits.
They zygote divides repeatedly while moving to the uterus
a feature of the germinal stage of prenatal development
ego identity
a firm sense of who one is and what one stands for
learning to recognize the mother's voice because of more exposure to these sounds before birth
a newborn shows a preference for his or her mother's voice rather than the father's voice. this is most likely the result of _____
collectivist
a person who defines herself or himself in terms of relationships to other people and groups and gives priority to group goals
amniotic sac
a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus
introvert
a shy person, characterized by intense imagination and the tendency to inhibit impulses
Assimilation
a two year old child has a pet dog called Sophie. The child visits her neighbor's house and sees their pet dog. Even though the neighbors dog is larger and of a different color, the child points to it and calls it a dog. Which of Piaget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating?
reality principle
according to Freud, the ego is guided by the ____
pleasure principle
according to Freud, the id follows the____
false
according to Piaget, objective responsibility is the assignment of blame according to the motives of the actor rather than the amount of damage done.
imaginary
adolescent egocentrism gives rise to the ___ audience and the personal fable.
identity exploration
adults experimenting with careers and romance
imaginary audience
an adolescent's belief that other people are as concerned with their thoughts and behavior as they are is called the ______
Preconventional
an adult who chooses not to park in a handicap space because they want to avoid a ticket and fine, is operating at the ______ level of Kholberg's theory
acculturations
changing to adapt to a new culture
fetus's heart has its first heartbeat
characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development
the preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development therory
children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects
conditions of worth
children believe that they only have merit if they behave as their parents with them to behave. standards by which the value of a person is judged
it was too vague to scientifically measure the psychic structures
criticism of Freud's psychoanalytic theory
Carl Jung
developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology
self-focused age
emerging adults focus on themselves as they develop the knowledge, skills, and self-understanding they need for adult life
inferiority complex
feelings of inferiority hypothesized by Adler to serve as a central motivating force
zygote
fertilized egg
hypothetically
formal operations allow adolescents to think ___
false - they cannot become pregnant until they ovulate
girls can become pregnant immediately after menarche - true or false
Extroversion
how outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive a person is - express feelings and impulses freely
psychosexual development
in psychodynamic theory, the process by which libidinal energy is expressed through different erogenous zones during different stages of development
crystalized
intelligence associated with the intellectual attainments of a lifetime or acquired knowledge is called _____
selective optimization with compensation
is the reshaping of a person's life to concentrate on what he or she finds to be important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment.
anal stage
lauren is obsessed with the cleanliness of her room. according to the psychosexual stages of personality development, she is fixated at the ___ ___
social cognitive theory
learning by observation and on the cognitive processes that underlie personal differences
observational learning
learning by observing others
false
learning theory focused on enduring personality characteristics that were generally presumed to be embedded in the nervous system (true or false)
first menstruation
menarche is the term used to describe
reliability
nicholas develops a new assessment tool to measure the psychological concept of extraversion. He finds that individuals who take the test repeatedly tend to score similarly each time. Which dimension of assessment has nicholas established?
crystallized intelligence
one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
conditional positive regard
parent's accept children only when they behave in a desired manner. Judgement
secondary
puberty begins with the appearance of ____ sex characteristics, such as the deepening of the voice in males and rounding of the breasts and hips in females
Latency
repression of sexual impulses
do not
research shows that most parents (do or do not) suffer from the empty-nest syndrome
individualist
someone oriented toward maximizing personal gains, without regard to the rest of the group. give priority to your own goals
Humanism
states that people are capable of free choice, self-fulfillment, and ethical behavior.
Estrogen production in females
stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips
Placenta
the ___ is connected to the mother by blood vessels in the uterine wall
gender typing
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
false
the embryonic stage of pregnancy lasts from the beginning of the third month until the birth of the baby
Oral Stage (during the first year)
the first psychosexual stage, in which experience centers on the pleasures and frustrations associated with the mouth, sucking, and being fed
germinal stage
the first stage of prenatal development, during which the dividing mass of cells has not become implanted in the uterine wall
self-actualization
the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential
Genital Stage (puberty on)
the mature stage of psychosexual development, characterized by preferred expression of libido through intercourse with an adult of the other gender
Id
the psychic structure, present at birth, that represents physiological drivers and is fully unconscious
presonality
the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another
True
the reliability of a test refers to the stability of one's test results from one testing to another (true or false)
false
the rorschach inkblot test is an example of an objective test (true or false)
ego
the second psychic structure to develop, characterized by self-awareness, planning, and delay of gratification
Anal Stage begins in the 2nd year
the second stage of psychosexual development, when gratification is attained through anal activities. Learn to delay the gratification that comes with eliminating whenever they feel the urge
Superego
the third psychic structure, which functions as a moral guardian and sets forth high standards for behavior
Existentialism
the view that people are completely free and responsible for their own behavior
It emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes
true of Carl Jung's analytical psychology theory
