Psych 130 Quiz 4

The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines have ________ principles and ________ standards.

5, 10.

Written consent would not be required in any of the following situations with the EXCEPTION of:

A confidential study examining income level and voting behavior

Which of the following is NOT a reason that psychologists might fabricate or falsify their data?

A journal might require it.

Imagine that Dr. Kline is a clinical psychologist who volunteers his time at a local prison counseling several inmates. Because of his connections there, he is considering using prisoners as his participants. Why is this choice potentially problematic?

According to the Belmont Report, prisoners are entitled to special protection.

Which of the following has NOT been used as a defense of animal research by animal researchers?

Animal research requires less research funding than human research.

In addition to being an ethical violation, why are data falsification and fabrication problematic?

Because they impede scientific progress.

What is the difference between data that is collected anonymously and data that is collected confidentially?

Confidential research collects participants' names but separates them from the data; anonymous research does not collect participants' names.

Upon receiving IRB approval, Dr. Kline trusts his graduate student to conduct the study. However, his graduate student does not conduct the study and instead provides Dr. Kline with invented results that support his hypotheses. This is known as which of the following?

Data fabrication

Dr. Kline plans to tell his participants that the reason he is waking them up during the night is to recalibrate the EEG machine. This would be an example of which of the following?

Deception through commission.

Which of the following is true regarding obtaining informed consent in Dr. Kline's study?

He does need to obtain informed consent because there is a likelihood of risk in his study.

In which of the following ways is an IACUC different from an IRB?

IACUCs monitor the care and treatment of animals throughout the study; IRBs do not monitor the care of human participants throughout the study.

Dr. Kline plans to use deception in his study and is thinking about a debriefing session. Which of the following is true of the debriefing?

Participants must be told the reasons for the deception.

Which of the following ethical violations proposed by the Belmont Report was NOT committed in the Tuskegee Study?

Participants were not treated by actual doctors.

In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other?

Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained.

Which of the following is true of students' views of deception and harm in research studies?

Students can find deception to be stressful.

Dr. Kline suspects that the people who will most benefit from his study are high school and college students, who are asked to perform cognitive functions in various states of sleep deprivation. Given this information, what type of participants should Dr. Kline recruit for his study?

Students from a community college

In addition to the three principles derived from the Belmont Report, which of the following two principles were added in the principles put forth by the American Psychological Association?

The principle of integrity and fidelity/responsibility.

The following scenario applies to questions 13 to 20: Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter REM sleep and then he will wake them. After the participants are awake for one minute, Dr. Kline plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter REM sleep again, he will wake them again and follow the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire eight-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. Dr. Kline asks his participants to provide informed consent. Doing this is adhering to which principle of the Belmont Report?

The principle of respect for persons

All of the following are true of IRBs in the United States EXCEPT:

They must have a psychologist as a member

To address the Belmont principle of beneficence, Dr. Kline would need to ask which of the following questions?

What can I do to decrease the potential harm experienced by my participants?