Psych 215 Quiz #2

False autobiographical memories are MOST likely produced by children who are:

abused

For immigrant teens, the task of separating from one's parents may be more difficult because of issues related to:

acculturation

fourth grader dante, is taking a math test over fractions. This math test is a(n):

achievement test

teens living in ______ are MOST likely to argue with their parents over school

china

malik has been in middle school for 2 years. he does most of his socializing in a _____

crowd

understanding emotional expressions in other people is important because:

emotional expressions are part of an important communication system

sher had _______ during grade school. because she is from an affluent community, she is more apt to gravitate toward a more delinquent group of teens

emotional problems

which is NOT a risk for children who have experience maltreatment?

increased emotional regulation

Choose the set of influences that helped to promote emerging adulthood as a distinct life stage.

increased longevity, the need for more education, and social changes

"imagine how hurt you would feel if your friend treated you that way." this type of child-rearing intervention is called:

induction

a cognitive developmental asserts that thinking is best thought of as a set of skills that may be divided into components. The developmentalist appears to endorse a(n) _________ approach to thinking

information processing

the prefrontal cortex is responsible for:

inhibition, insight, judgement, and reasoning

with respect to erikson's states of psychosocial development, testing our talents is to learning to work as ______ is to _______.

initiative; industry

support for the notion of ______ comes from listening to young children monitor their actions

inner speech

mario, who is 22 and lives in Rome, Italy, is likely to:

live with his parents into his late twenties

which of these brain changes is most likely to be observed in adolescence?

myelination in the frontal lobe of the cortex

Outline the three-phase hormonal sequence that is setting off the psysical changes in puberty:

the intitial hypothalamic hormones trigger the pituitary gland to produce its hormones, which cause the ovaries and testes to mature and product their hormones, which in turn produce the body changes

which statement about bulimia is true?

the person's weight is usually within the normal range

How well a child adjusts to the parents' divorce depends primarily on:

the quality of care the custodial parent provides

what is the relationship between behavior and the well-documented increase in hormones during adolescence?

there is a modest or weak relationships between teen hormones and behavior

why is the crowd the ideal medium to bridge the gap between the sexes?

there is safety in numbers

which cultural ideal is often associate with eating disorders?

thin ideal

Jenna has a small vocabulary. This may be most evident in the _____ portion of her WISC score.

verbal comprehension

________ want sex in the context of a close relationship

both boys and girls

from what you know about child development, which child would MOST likely rebound from his parent's divorce?

chase, who has an easy temperament

which of the following best describes gender differences in children?

culturally imposed differences in roles and behaviors of male and female children

information-processing perspective

the model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use, and store information

academic success in elementary school is a positive associate with proficiency in ______ motor skills

fine, but not gross

in 2010, only about ________ percent of people in the US had finished school, started a career, gotten married, and had children

10-15

Over _____ million children are raised by their grandparents.

1

briefly describe the brain changes that occur in adolescence

1. shifts in activity from the limbic system to the prefrontal cortex 2. an increase in myelination of the frontal cortex 3. remodeling (pruning) of synaptic connection 4. an overall decrease in metabolism

in the US roughly 1 in ______ of those between 25 and 24 without a college education was unemployed in 2013

10

only about _____ percent of the students who drop out of college do so because they find work too difficult

10

about ______ percent of children are subjected to chronic harassment

10 to 20

One in _____ U.S. children are being raised by single parents; as compared to other nations, this proportion is _______

4; higher

at MOST, traditional nuclear families make up _______ percent of US families

50

By ages _____, children initiate their own past-talk conversations, indicating the development of _____ memory.

6 or 7; autobiographical

which of the following statements is false about eating disorders?

60 percent of those suffering with eds are between 16 and 25

for today's children in the us, the events of puberty usually begin somewhere between:

8-14 years of age

personality theoristy harry stack sullivan believe that the developmental needs of self-validation and intimacy emerge around age_____

9

a present-day child is defined as obese if their BMI is higher than that of __________ percent of all children of the same age in the decade of the __________

95; 1970s

Angelica is considered gifted, which means that approximately _____ of people have an IQ score that is lower than hers.

98

which child is MOST likely to be popular during preschool and early elementary school?

Brenda, who has superior theory-of-mind skills

true of false: events in a child's life must be formal and universally recognized to be considered rites of passage

False

________ coined the phrase "storm and stress" regarding adolescence.

G. Stanley Hall

______ used the _______ to assess people's development of moral reasoning

Kohlberg; Heinz dilemma

Drawing on Erikson's and Piaget's theories, name the qualities that make middle childhood (and human beings) special.

Our abilities to transcend immediate appearances and control our emotions to work for a goal make middle childhood special

industry versus inferiority

The fourth of Erikson's eight psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent.

what is the relationship among Elkind's concepts of adolescent egocentrism, the personal fable, and the imaginary audience?

The personal fable and the imaginary audience are both aspects of adolescent egocentrism.

statistically, who is MOST likely to reach puberty earliest?

Yolanda, a 9 yr old black girl

neuroimaging studies suggeest theory of mind abilities depend on

a certain level of frontal-lobe development

What behavioral changes are thought to occur when the brain's activity shifts from the limbic system to the prefrontal cortex in adolescence and early adulthood?

a gradual shift toward deliberate and thoughtful behavioral control

working memory

a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory

emerging adulthood

a period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults

moving a child from house to house after a divorce will have a negative impact when the child is _______

an infant

theorists who chart the development of memory, concentration, and one's ability to plan one's actions are using:

an information-processing perspective

lydia is extremely adept at learning how to solve problems, that is, she is very good at picking problem-solving strategies and applying them to problems. Robert Sternberg would call this ability a form of:

analytic intelligence

as proposed by sternberg, intelligence includes a combination of what abilities?

analytic, creative, and practical

reese is a very difficult child with a difficult temperament. according to the text, that through an evocative process, a child with a difficult temperament would likely produce a parent with which parenting style?

authoritarian

Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about things and events that one perceives

concrete operational thought

in math the abstract concept of the variable (x.y) is often introduced when children are about 12, marking the transition from the ______ stage to the _______ stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

concrete operational; formal operational

at the same time that MOST children are in Piaget's ________ stage of Erikson's ________ stage of psychosocial development

concrete operational; industry versus inferiority

psychologists and other mental health professionals stand where on the opinion of spanking?

disagree on the value of occasional spanking

beginning in about 2012, the rate of childhood obesity in the US began to:

drop

in the US childhood obesity started to become a serious problem:

during the 1980s

Jeremy is celebrating his third birthday. Which life stage is he entering?

early childhood

in every nation, nest-leaving is closely linked to:

economics

Which type of maltreatment is most common?

emotional abuse

Dr. Ortez needs to check whether her test measures what it was designed to measure. She does this by comparing scores on her test with the scores and grades obtained by students in high school science courses. In this instance, Dr. Ortez is now in the process of:

establishing the test's validity

what causes adolescent girls' breasts to grow and hips to widen?

estrogen

name the three classes of hormones involved in puberty

estrogens, testosterone, and the adrenal androgens

folllowing a stroke, harriest has difficulty ordering problem-solving steps in a logical sequences. additionally, she is much more impulsive than she had been before the stroke. Harriet's ________ appear(s) impaired, reflecting damage to the _____ love.

executive functions; frontal

true or false: according to current research, both boys and girls demonstrate significant signs of distress when they experience puberty later than their same sex peers

false

true or false: boys mature earlier than girls by as much as two years

false

true or false: eating disorder are relatively new phenomena

false

true or false: formal operational thought is Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about things and events that one perceives

false

true or false: rates of teenage sexual intercourse are at an all-time high

false

true or false: the growth of the brain during adolescence is caused by a rapid increase in the total number of neurons

false

the start of emerging adulthood in the US often accurs when a young person:

graduates from high school

the feeling of being upset at having cause harm or at having violated someone's personal standards for behavior:

guilt

according to erikson, initiative is to _________ as _________ is to inferiority

guilt; industry

the parts of the brain that decrease in volume as senescence begins are called:

gyri and sulci

pruning in the frontal lobes starts_______

halfway through middle childhood

regarding intelligence, Howard Gardner would say that:

humans have many different types of intelligence

autism spectrum disorder is NOT associate with:

hyperactivity

the hormonal signal for the start of puberty begins in the:

hypothalamus

_________ is an identity status in which the personal is aimless or feels totally blocked, without any adult life path

idendity diffusion

erikson's concept of role confusion MOST closely mirrors Marcia's identity status of:

identity diffusion

children who live in single-parents mother-headed families are often:

impoverished

According to Mary Ainsworth, a child with an anxious-ambivalent attachment will be _______ when the child's caregiver returns after a brief absence

inconsolable

This is a state that develops when a person feels incapable of affecting the outcome of events and gives up without trying.

learned helplessness

females with anorexia nervosa stop menstruating because their body does not produce enough _______

leptin

all of these are current US dating trends EXCEPT:

less interest in having romantic relationships

compared to euro american girls, african american girls are ___________ the media messages that stress being thing

less vulnerable to

the ingredients of a problematically aggressive child do NOT include:

moral disengagement

the term _______ is used to describe the tendency to justify ethical lapses

moral disengagement

a focused, real-world examination of one's chosen career in order to confirm that the decision is the right one is a process associated with:

moratorium

evidence for environmental contribution to intelligence is provided by:

not only the flynn effect but also comparisons of high and low SES children.

in collectivist cultures, parents put more emphasis on ________ than parents in individualistic cultures

obedience

naturalistic observation

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

when asked to explain why joise is her best friend, shareese answers, "cuz she makes me laugh and is nice to me"/ These girls are MOST likely _________ children because they describe their friendship in terms of ___________ qualities

older; internal

when 3 yr old edward's father asked his son what he had done that day edward replied, "I sawed two deer outside and goed to seem them." these classic language mistakes are called

overregularization

according to _____________'s theory, we think logically for the first time during _________

piaget; concrete operations

with respect to the WISC-5, the fluid reasoning index is to the processing speed index as the ________ subtest is to the ________ subtest

picture completion; coding

in which country does leaving home during emerging adulthood rarely result in a decrease in parent-child conflict?

portugal

children begin to develop an autobiographical memory during:

preschool

gender-segregated play begings during:

preschool and increases in elementary school

at what time is parent-adolescent conflict MOST apt to flare up?

puberty

As a celebration of the transition into Latina womanhood, a quinceanera is an example of a(n) _____.

puberty rite

G. Stanley Hall's description of adolescence as a period of storm and stress _________ a long-standing theme in Western thought and _____ the emergence of adolescence as a distinct life stage in the US

reflected; foreshadowed

rory is talking to his mom on the phone. she lists items she'd like rory to pick up at store. he tries repeating the items to himself but forgets some of them as he listens to a story his mom starts telling. Rory's strategy of ________ failed cuz his working memory capacity was insufficient enough for both the items and story

rehearsal

which factor is NOT a predictor for engaging in intercourse at an early age?

religious affiliation

early maturation is associated with MORE problem behaviors in girls from

sexually permissive societies

Juanita is 16 years old and she wants to study chemical engineering when she gets to college. Her parents think Juanita is being too ambitious and they are pressuring her to complete a business degree instead. Meanwhile, her boyfriend is talking about marriage and he doesn't want her to even start college. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Juanita will:

show evidence of role confusion

according to the text, adolescent stress is GREATER while with parents than with everywhere EXCEPT in __________

southern Europe

which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the prefrontal cortex?

spontaneity

the text discusses teens' experience of uplifiting moments. Which statement is true?

teens experience few uplifting moments with their families however they do experience their best quality uplifting moments when they are with their families

what does the sociocultural perspective suggest?

that many traditional cultures emphasize easily recognized gender distinctions

the immigrant paradox

the fact that despite living in poverty, going to substandard schools, and not having parents who speak the language, many immigrant children do far better than we might expect at school

according to the video about educating girls of the world, which of the following statements is false?

the girls do not seem to want to go to school

True or false: in banduras experiment, the control group had exactly the same experiences as the experimental group except that the children in the control group did not observe the model hitting the bobo doll and making aggressive remarks toward it

true

True or false: the fourth of erikson's eight crises of psychosocial development is industry versus inferiority, in which students attempt to master whatever ability their culture values and to develop a sense of self

true

true or false: bandura's experiment showed that children will not only imitate the model's specific aggressive behaviors but will also invent novel aggressive actions in their own spontaneous play.

true

true or false: in general, emerging adulthood is a time during which a person functions physically and psychologically at an optimal level

true

Hannah is a typical teen. Based on experience-sampling research, her MOST uplifting moments are apt to occur when she is _____.

with her family

Shame, or the feeling of being personally humiliated, makes one want to:

withdraw from others

pamela is a 16 yr old girl. statistically, her first sexual experience will MOST likely occur _________

within a steady relationship with her partner

in a study described in the text, Csikszentmihalyi and Schneider labeled young people as _______ if they enjoyed being productive and mastering challenging tasks

workers

the fact that young children may mistakenly apply "-s" to make the plural of a word, as in "the childs are playing," is often taken as evidence that the capacity to acquire the rules of language is:

innate

pick the primary factor that predicts how resilient a child will be when facing caregiver maltreatment

mutiple stressors in the child's life

nadia is 9. according to piaget, nadia is in the ________ stage of cognitive development

concrete operations

Erikson noticed that many severely troubled teens were unable emotionally to make the transition to adult life. They suffered from what Erikson called identity:

confusion

according to the text, which personality trait is MOST positively correlated to the successful nagivation of the emerging adulthood years?

conscientiousness

in kohlberg's _______ level or moral development, a person's moral reasoning centers around the need to obey society's rules.

conventional

research indicates that identifying with one's ethnicity is:

correlated with positive outcomes

About 1 in _____ adolescents report having intercourse outside of a committed relationship.

five

After a stroke, Reginald has difficulty ordering problem-solving steps in a logical sequence. Moreover, he is noticeably more impulsive than he had been in the past. Reginald appears to have suffered damage to the _____ lobe.

frontal

which of the following is primarily responsible for the brain's increase in size during middle childhood?

increase in the number of dendrites

Mencia is a single mother of three. Her youngest is 3. Every time her youngest daughter asks to hug, kiss, or be helped, Mencia pushes her away. Which of these BEST describes her parenting style?

rejecting-neglecting

true or false: the thinning of gray matter occurs in different brain areas at different ages in a person's life

true

raheen is talking to his mom on the phone. his mom lists items she'd like him to pick up at the grocery store, raheen tries repeating the items to himself but forgets some of them as he listens to a story his mom starts telling about the neighbors. raheem's rehearsal failed because his _______ memory capacity was insufficient for both the items and story

working

Basira runs into her old friend Gina from high school. Gina wants to give Basira her phone number but neither woman has a pen. Basira memorizes the number and calls Gina that evening. This means that Basira transferred the phone number from her _____ to more permanent memory storage.

working memory