psych 3 (pt.2)

75. From the perspective of the investment model of close relationships, long-term relationships are most likely to continue when

. C. there are few tempting alternatives for the partners.

64. Which of the following statements is true of the frustration-aggression hypothesis?

. It states that frustration always leads to aggression

67. Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as

A. relational aggression.

74. Melissa and John have been happily married for 30 years because they have ensured that they have no opportunities to fight. Both of them have jobs so they contribute proportionately to the household income, and they equally share all other responsibilities. Melissa and John's happy marriage can best be explained by the

A. social exchange theory.

80. Which theory of attraction suggests that long-term relationships are likely to continue when both partners are committed and put a lot into the relationship and when there are few attractive tempting alternatives around?

A. the investment model

100. Psychologists believe that the social facilitation effect occurs because

A. the presence of other individuals arouses us.

92. Which of the following conclusions was drawn from the Stanford prison experiment conducted by Zimbardo?

B. People are more likely to be evil when personal responsibility is removed.

72. When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying

B. affectionate love.

87. Rosalie was invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz Carlton. She's never been served a 10-course meal before, so she's unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Since Rosalie is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Rosalie is guided by

B. informational social influence.

73. Social psychologists believe that _____ is particularly strong during the early stages of a relationship, and that _____ increases as the relationship grows and matures.

B. romantic love/affectionate love

84. In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates

conformity

97. The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of _____, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

egoism

63. Robert, a nine-year-old boy, loves watching wrestling on TV. Last night, he used several of the aggressive wrestling moves on his little brother. Which of the following theories best explains William's behavior?

observational learning

98. You are studying in a quiet but crowded library when you suddenly start coughing. You soon notice others doing the same thing. This is an example of

social contagion.

76. According to _____, social relationships involve an exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits.

social exchange theory

77. According to _____, the most important predictor of relationship success is having both partners feel that each is doing his or her "fair share."

social exchange theory

62. The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is

testosterone

90. A classic series of experiments by Stanley Milgram demonstrated the profound effect of

obedience

78. According to social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship success is

A. equity.

70. The mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why _____ increases attraction.

A. proximity

69. Tom has left home and is attending college in a city far away from home where he doesn't know anybody. According to the principle of proximity, Tom will be most likely to make friends with

A. Bill, his roommate.

85. In the context of psychological factors in conformity, which of the following best describes informational social influence?

A. It refers to the influence people have on an individual because the individual wants to be right.

71. _____ involves strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and is often predominant in the early part of a love relationship.

A. Romantic love

83. Which of the following statements best defines conformity?

A. a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

82. The volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment on conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately _____ percent of the time.

C. 35

101. Ralph just started taking guitar lessons last week. Jimmie has been playing guitar for almost 20 years. According to the concept of social facilitation, performing in front of an audience of strangers and friends tonight is likely to _____ Ralph's performance and _____ Jimmie's performance.

C. decrease/enhance

96. One explanation for the effects of deindividuation in groups is that groups

C. give people anonymity.

66. A man who slaps his wife during an argument is most likely exhibiting

C. overt aggression

99. According to the social facilitation effect, the presence of others is likely to

C. reduce performance on difficult tasks.

68. Susan drives by an unusually colorful apartment building each day on her way to and from work. Initially, she does not think much of the structure and has a mild dislike for it. However, after several months of commuting, she starts to like the apartment building and is even considering renting an apartment there. This change in Susan's feelings about the building best demonstrates

C. the mere exposure effect.

81. Dave is a handsome and famous celebrity. He has been dating Gabriela, a beautiful and popular actress, for the past two months, but he doesn't feel strongly committed to their relationship. Recently, Dave has been working on a new movie and several women have expressed their interest in getting to know him better. Dave is now contemplating whether he should stay with Gabriela or explore the more tempting alternatives. According to the investment model,

D. He will probably break up with Gabriela and give in to the temptation of dating other women.

79. Equity is a strong predictor of relationship satisfaction

D. during the early but not later stages of a relationship.

86. When members of a group know something that a person doesn't, the person will follow the group to be right. This explains the concept of

D. informational social influence.

65. According to research on aggressive behavior, which of the following personality factors is mostly associated with aggression?

D. low levels of conscientiousness

89. Joyce has the potential to be an honor student but frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than working to succeed, she tends to "dummy down" to act more like the students that she hangs out with. She has at times answered questions incorrectly in class on purpose to be more like her friends. Joyce's behavior is due to

D. normative social influence.

91. The factor that differentiates Jerry Burger's recreated Milgram's study from the original Milgram's experiment is that, in Burger's study

D. participants were never allowed to go higher than 150 volts.

88. _____ is based on a person's desire to be liked by a group.

Normative social influence

93. The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as

deindividuation

94. The Stanford prison experiment provides a dramatic example of how social situations and the roles we take on in life can influence

deindividuation

95. June is usually very quiet, but she recently discovered a different side of herself. During Mardi Gras, she found herself swept up in the festivities, doing the things that the other party-goers were doing. These were not behaviors that she would have ever considered engaging in on her own. Social psychologists would most likely attribute June's behavior to

deindividuation