Psych #3 test

Approximately what percentage of participants in Solomon Asch's study conformed to the group's pressure to select the incorrect line?

About 35 percent of the participants

Joshua is very emotional about his partner Cindy. He is also possessive and gets jealous when she talks to other men in the neighborhood. He demands closeness from her but does not trust her. Which of the following attachment style is evident from Joshua's behavior?

Anxious

Tom has left home and is attending college in a city far away from home where he doesn't know anybody. According to the principle of proximity, Tom will be most likely to make friends with _____.

Bill, his roommate

Which of the following treatments reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning?

Biological therapies

The thinking style called splitting is associated with which of the following disorders?

Borderline personality disorder

_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.

Borderline personality disorder

Which of the following is not considered a form of behavior therapy?

Client-centered therapy

_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life

Depression

One aspect of family therapy is the idea that a family member's symptoms are a function of the family relationships. If, for example, a teenage son is the scapegoat of the parents, which family therapy technique would be the most appropriate to use?

Detriangulation

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?

Dissociative identity disorder

_____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder.

Dissociative identity disorder

Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior?

Electroconvulsive therapy

What is the key social emotion involved with altruism?

Empathy

Which of the following is NOT considered a positive symptom of Schizophrenia?

Flat affect

Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques?

Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences.

According to attribution theory, attributions vary along which of the following dimensions?

Internal/external causes

Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is true?

It includes new diagnoses such as binge eating disorder and gambling addiction.

_____ involves a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least 2 weeks.

Major depressive disorder

_____ are recurrent thoughts, whereas _____ are recurrent behaviors.

Obsessions/compulsions

Arthur was abusing his wife Amy while arguing with her. The argument led to a scuffle and Arthur slapped Amy and hit her with a stick. Which type of aggression is Arthur's portraying?

Overt aggression

Dr. Susan is your family therapist. She believes that to adequately understand psychological problems, she must understand the role that you play in the family system. Which of these statements supports that underlying belief?

Problems of the individual are often caused by problems in the family.

Which of the following statements about biological therapies is false?

Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states

_____ suggests that psychological disorders are the result of irrational and self-defeating beliefs.

Rational-emotive behavior theory

Which of the following is an important aspect of cognitive-behavior therapy?

Self-efficacy

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is based on which of the following therapeutic approaches?

Self-help group

Which of the following forms of treatment relies on paraprofessionals?

Self-help groups

Aggression is associated with low levels of which neurotransmitter?

Serotonin

You watch as another student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. According to the fundamental attribution error, how would you explain the student's behavior?

She is a clumsy person.

_____ refers to the way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

Social identity

What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder?

Sociocultural

What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who don't have OCD?

The ability to ignore or dismiss intrusive thoughts

Which theory of attraction suggests that long-term relationships are likely to continue when both partners are committed and invested in the relationship and when there are few attractive tempting alternatives around?

The investment model

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

The self-fulfilling prophecy

Based on the information presented in your textbook, what is the most likely outcome experienced by children who frequently play violent video games?

They are more likely to engage in aggressive and delinquent behaviors.

Which of the following features of group therapy helps individuals who share a psychological disorder observe that others feel anguish and suffering as well?

Universality

Your psychotherapist asks you to "free associate." What are you being asked to do?

You are being asked to just "talk" in an undirected manner without reflecting on what you are about to say.

Cindy recently played in a softball game in which she misplayed a ground ball for an error. Later in the same game, she made a great catch on a very difficult play. According to the self-serving bias, she would attribute her error to _____ and her good catch to her _____.

a bad bounce/good fielding skills

Jacqueline has been in relentless pursuit of thinness for the past six months. She has been starving herself to reach this goal. Jacqueline is exhibiting symptoms of _____.

anorexia nervosa

Based on Claude Steele and Eliot Aronson's research on stereotype threat, we should be especially concerned about instructions for standardized tests if they _____.

asked for race/ethnic information before the test starts

All of the following are examples of therapy procedures derived directly from the principles of classical conditioning except _____.

behavior modification

The release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting experience is known as _____.

catharsis

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive _____.

cleansing

A major advantage to group therapy is that _____.

clients have more opportunity to develop social skills

When people try to confront Alfred about drinking too much alcohol, he replies, "Drinking may be harmful to my health, but I'll die having a good time." This statement, which is an example of self-justification, illustrates Alan's attempt to reduce _____.

cognitive dissonance

Hugh bought a new calculator at Staples for $125. One week later, he saw an ad from Wal-Mart showing the same calculator on sale for $65. Hugh said to himself, "I'm glad I got my calculator at Staples; the ones at Wal-Mart are probably defective. I don't mind having paid more for mine." Hugh's statement reflects _____.

cognitive dissonance reduction

Sherif's Robbers Cave study showed that perceptions of the out-group are affected by _____.

competitive and cooperative activities

Ralph just started taking guitar lessons last week. Jimmie has been playing guitar for almost 20 years. According to the concept of social facilitation, performing in front of an audience of strangers and friends tonight is likely to _____ Ralph's performance and _____ Jimmie's performance.

decrease/enhance

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment sometimes used for _____.

depression

Equity is a strong predictor of relationship satisfaction _____.

during the early but not later stages of a relationship

Community mental health programs seek to help people who are disenfranchised from society to lead happier, more productive lives through the concept of _____.

empowerment

According to social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship success is _____.

equity

The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called _____.

ethnocentrism

Andrew openly criticizes the Asian Americans in his neighborhood. He says that the presence of these "outsiders" has led to an increase in the crime rate in the U.S. Others in his neighborhood do not agree with him. His openly shared racist attitude is an example of _____.

explicit racism

Research on gender and love shows that men _____.

fall in love more quickly and easily than women

Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include _____.

free association, dream interpretation, transference, and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories

Your new roommate leaves dirty laundry all over her room and you assume she must be a slob. You ignore the fact that she is currently taking finals and working 40 hours per week. You are demonstrating the _____.

fundamental attribution error

Dr. Houltin is a therapist who regularly meets with several clients simultaneously. In this setting, clients share information and provide feedback to each other. Dr. Houltin is practicing _____.

group therapy

You are watching golf and see Tiger Woods scowl. You would be making the fundamental attribution error if you assumed that _____.

he has an angry and volatile personality

Diffusion of responsibility is most likely to influence _____.

helping behavior

All of the following are symptoms of borderline personality disorder EXCEPT _____.

high ignorance level

Rosalie was invited to a black-tie dinner at the Ritz Carlton. She's never been served a 10-course meal before so she's unfamiliar with the social etiquette regarding silverware selection. Since Rosalie is in a foreign environment, she gets through the night by watching others who appear to know what they are doing. For each course, she follows their selection of silverware. Rosalie is displaying _____.

informational social influence

Central route persuasion _____.

involves engaging someone thoughtfully with a sound, logical argument

According to Freudian dream interpretation, the obvious content of a person's dream hides the true meaning or content of the dream, called the _____ content.

latent

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered _____.

maladaptive

Lithium is an effective _____ drug.

mood-stabilizing

Katie, who is moderately liberal, attends a very liberal college. After four years at this college, Katie is likely to become _____ as a result of _____.

more liberal/group polarization

Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she is overcome with such overwhelming dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has _____.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which he experiences palpitations, he feels dizzy, and he has trouble catching his breath. During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die. From this description, it sounds like John has _____.

panic disorder

You are having dinner with your friend Sophia when she experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Sophia would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from _____.

panic disorder

Despite evidence to the contrary, Denise thinks she is smarter than most of the people in her class. Denise's unfounded attitude about herself is an example of a(n) _____.

positive illusion

The _____ of Schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.

positive symptoms/negative symptoms

Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms. Which of the following anxiety related disorders would best apply to this situation?

post-traumatic stress disorder

Individuals who are depressed show lower levels of brain activity in the _____.

prefrontal cortex

Festinger's social comparison theory _____.

proposes that when individuals lack objective means to evaluate their opinions and abilities, they compare themselves with others

The primary goal of behavior therapy is to _____.

reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior

"I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough to be successful," the client complained. "You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responded the therapist. This conversation is an example of _____ and is typical of _____.

reflective speech/client-centered therapy

The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members is known as _____.

risky shift

Social psychologists believe that _____ is particularly strong during the early stages of a relationship, and that _____ increases as the relationship grows and matures.

romantic love/affectionate love

Cindy is having difficulty paying her monthly bills. She often just sits and stares at her checkbook, which causes her to feel anxious about the possibility of going bankrupt. Cindy is demonstrating _____.

rumination

Suicide is linked with low levels of the neurotransmitter _____.

serotonin

According to Ellen Berscheid's research, _____ is the most important ingredient of romantic love.

sexual attraction

Experimental studies on whether antidepressants increase risk of suicide in children and adolescents show that, compared to the control group, children who use antidepressants _____.

showed a greater number of spontaneous statements about suicidal thoughts

Individuals who suffer from _____ have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public/collective situations.

social anxiety disorder

"Am I as popular as Cathy?" This question is an example of gaining self-knowledge through the process of _____.

social comparison

The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of _____, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

social contagion

You are studying in a quiet but crowded library when you suddenly start coughing. You soon notice others doing the same thing. This is an example of _____.

social contagion

According to _____, social relationships involve an exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits.

social exchange theory

According to _____, your feelings about a relationship are a function of how fair you feel the relationship is or how much you feel you get out as much as you put in.

social exchange theory

Dr. McCall found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups compared to when each student did an individual project. This difference can be explained by the phenomenon of _____.

social loafing

When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the _____ approach to psychological disorders.

sociocultural

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) _____.

sometimes occurs during a period of life stress

When people pay close attention to the facts, the _____ is (are) the most persuasive, but when subjects are not paying full attention, such as during a television commercial, the _____ may work better.

source's credibility/emotional appeals

The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and _____.

the client

Research shows that _____ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome.

the quality of the client's participation

The disordered thoughts in schizophrenia are referred to as psychotic because _____.

they are far removed from reality