Psych 3375: Chapter 12 Substance-Related and Addictive Disorder

To treat substance abuse disorders, the biological perspective focuses on the use of ___________.

medications

___________ occurs when a person requires increasingly greater amounts of a substance in order to achieve desired effects.

tolerance

True or false: Researchers have identified a specific gene that is responsible for the development of alcohol-related disorders.

False

anxiolytics

treat anxiety

A commonly used assessment for alcohol use disorders is the ______.

treating asthma reducing nausea in cancer patients treating glaucoma

An acute and potentially reversible condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet because of a thiamine deficiency caused by chronic alcohol use is

Wernicke's disease.

True or false: There is considerable research that supports the importance of genetics in the development of serious substance problems.

True

Withdrawal can include both physiological and psychological changes.

True

The type of drug that might be in a diet pill in which nervous system activity is increased is most likely a(n)

amphetamine.

Each of the following are examples of inhalants except

anxiolytics.

Clinicians who design interventions for people with alcohol use disorders begin by

assessing the alcohol use patterns of their clients.

Naltrexone reduces alcohol consumption by

blocking the effects of the body's production of alcohol-induced opioids.

The sociocultural model that connects genetic predisposition to environmental stressors is called the ______ model.

diathesis-stress

What is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the hemp plant?

marijuana

Alcohol is a(n)

Depressant

Twin, family, and adoption studies point to the importance of genetic factors as contributors to alcohol-related disorders, with an estimated heritability of

50 to 60 percent.

Which of the following best describes the result of the category of drugs referred to as stimulants?

An activating effect on the nervous system.

Which of the following is a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that a person snorts, injects, or smokes?

Cocaine

Which of the following categories of drugs act as central nervous system depressants?

Hypnotics Sedatives Anxiolytics

____________ are a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors. They are not in and of themselves harmful and are often found in the home and workplace.

Inhalants

Which of the following best describes the action of caffeine in the body?

It activates the sympathetic nervous system through increasing the production of adrenaline.

Which of the following best describes the pharmacological effects of disulfiram?

It blocks the action of an enzyme that normally breaks down acetaldehyde, a toxic product involved in ethanol metabolism.

Which of the following are true of MDMA? Choose all that apply.

Its popular street name is ecstasy. It is a hallucinogen.

Which of the following produces an altered sense of time and self, may result in synesthesia, and may involve terrifying feelings of panic, losing control, going insane, or dying?

LSD

Which of the following are opioids? Select all that apply.

Percocet OxyContin Hydrocodone

Why is Internet gaming disorder not a diagnosis in the DSM-5? Multiple choice question.

Research on the disorder is not fully developed.

As people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they become more likely to make risky choices based on the rewards of the moment rather than considering longer-term consequences. This is best described as

alcohol myopia theory.

The __________ model is a useful one for understanding substance dependence and approaches to treatment because it incorporates genetics, developmental issues, and sociocultural factors.

biopsychosocial

Which of the following contain nicotine? Choose all that apply.

cigarettes chewing tobacco pipe tobacco

Mood and anxiety disorders often ______ with gambling disorder.

coincide

Which of the following describe the effects of psilocybin? Choose all that apply.

difficulty differentiating fantasy from reality alterations in motor reflexes

The chemical named MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is known on the street as ___________.

ecstasy

From a behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop because

gambling offers a pattern of reinforcement and rewards.

In families from lower socioeconomic levels, ______ seemed to play a larger role than ______ in the level of alcohol use.

genetics; the environment

A(n) is a drug that causes people to experience profound distortions in their perception of reality.

hallucinogen

A condition called ______ consists of flashbacks or spontaneous hallucinations, delusions, or disturbances in a mood similar to the changes that took place while the person was intoxicated with the drug.

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

Alcohol _______ theory states that as people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are more likely to make risky choices because the immediate temptation of the moment overcomes the possible long-term consequences.

myopia

The psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes is _________.

nicotine

Which of the following is a small, spineless cactus whose principal active ingredient is mescaline?

peyote

The term ________ describes the effect that occurs when alcohol is combined with other drugs and the effects of the drugs taken together are greater than the effect of either substance taken alone.

potentiation

Which of the following did the DSM-5 authors consider but not include based on the current research? Choose all that apply.

sex addiction exercise addiction shopping addiction

A __________ is a category of drug that includes substances that have an activating effect on the nervous system.

stimulant

Caffeine is a(n) ____________ found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies.

stimulant

From the behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop due to a ______ schedule of reinforcement

variable-ratio

Lorelai experienced headaches and grouchiness when she suddenly stopped drinking coffee. She is likely experiencing ________.

withdrawal

Which of the following apply to peyote?

Its active ingredient is mescaline. Its long-term effects are unknown. It is used in Mexican religious ceremonies.

Which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug?

marijuana

About what percent of adults over the age of 65 binge drink?

10%

According to the U.S. government's Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service (SAMHSA) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), in 2016, what percentage of the population used an illicit drug in the preceding 30 days?

11%

What age group has the highest rates of binge drinking?

21 - 25

Which of the following best describes psilocybin? Choose all that apply.

It is derived from mushrooms. It has hallucinogenic properties.

Which of the following are true of Wernicke's disease? Choose all that apply.

It is the result of a thiamine deficiency. It is potentially reversible. It is associated with long-term alcohol consumption. It involves delirium.

Which of the following are categories of symptoms used by clinicians to diagnose substance use disorders? Choose all that apply.

social impairment impaired control pharmacological changes risky use

What is the basic idea behind the dual-process theory?

The more people can inhibit automatic impulses, the less likely they are to drink excessive amounts.

Which of the following models is most useful for understanding substance use disorder and approaches to treatment?

biopsychosocial

Which of the following are unique features of gambling disorder? Choose all that apply.

committing crimes to support gambling habits seeking financial bailouts lying about financial losses

Which of the following medications is used in aversion therapy in which a person experiences unpleasant physical reactions after consuming alcohol while taking the medication?

disulfiram

According to ________-process theory of alcohol use disorder, there is a cognitive system involving automatic impulses and a cognitive system that could regulate such impulses.

dual

Magnus feels compelled to bet on horses and is at the race track whenever there are races. Magnus has lost a lot of money, but he knows he can win it back with just one lucky break. He does not tell his wife how much he has actually lost. Magnus would likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

gambling disorder

hypnotics

matches Choice induce sleep

Which of the following describe the effects of cocaine? Choose all that apply.

mental alertness euphoria

Which of the following disorders often coincide with gambling disorder? Choose all that apply.

nicotine dependence mood disorder anxiety disorder

Which of the following is a substance that relieves pain?

opioid

sedatives

produce a soothing or calming effect

A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using a substance even though it causes significant problems in their life is known as ________ __________ disorder.

substance use

Omar discovers that he has to continually increase the amount of cocaine that he snorts in order to achieve the same effects as the first time he used it. This is referred to as

tolerance.