Psych 405 FINAL

_____ hallucinations are by far the most common type in schizophrenia. Olfactory Paranoid Visual Auditory

Auditory

Pierre has schizophrenia and firmly believes that he is the son of God. Pierre most likely suffers from delusions of: A. reference B. grandeur C. control D. persecution

B

Researchers have found more blood flow in _____ of the brain in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations. Broca's area Wernicke's area the hippocampus the hypothalamus

Broca's area

A strange false belief firmly held despite evidence to the contrary is known as: A. formal thought disorder B. loose associations C. delusion D. derailment

C

Emily is known as a "fox" by the young men on campus. She dresses seductively, her clothes a little too tight and a little too short. She always enters a room dramatically, is full of jokes and double-entendres. Her favorite topic of conversation is Emily. Men flock to her and she appears to love it. Women tend to avoid her as they see her as extremely selfish. Emily is most likely to be diagnosed with : A. hysteria B. narcissistic personality disorder C. histrionic personality disorder D. borderline personality disorder E. dependent personality disorder

C

Marked symptoms of both schizophrenia and a major depressive/manic episode with a duration of 6 months or more, is MOST likely to be diagnosed as: A. brief psychotic disorder B. schizophreniform disorder C. schizoaffective disorder D. delusional disorder E. psychotic disorder due to another medical condition

C

Nino has a conduct disorder. He will secretly ruin his parents' belongings; for example, he cuts the curtains and draws on the walls. This pattern is known as: A. overt-destructive B. overt-nondestructive C. covert-destructive D. covert-nondestructive

C

What percentage of individuals with schizophrenia receive adequate care? A. 10% B. 25% C. 40% D. 75%

C

what schizophrenia does to families

CSC = coordinated specialty care Aaron's downfall from star in high school and on the D1 ASU football team to first psychotic break two weeks before graduation. His family's struggle and the government's lack of insight into good interventions and forward thinking regarding schizophrenic patients

British medical journal 2005 Henquet

Cannabis use moderately increases the risk of psychotic symptoms in young people but has a much stronger effect in those with evidence of predisposition for psychosis Cannabis use in young people moderately increased the risk of developing psychotic symptomsThe risk for the onset of symptoms was much higher in young people with a predisposition for psychosisPredisposition psychosis at baseline did not predict cannabis use at follow up, thus refuting the self medication hypothesis (individuals may start using cannabis because of predisposition for psychosis, rather than cannabis use causing expression of psychosis)

What is an accurate statement about child sexual abuse? It is more common among lower socioeconomic classes. Girls and boys are sexually abused at approximately the same rate. Child sexual abuse appears to be equally common across all socioeconomic classes, races, and ethnic groups. Child sexual abuse occurs only inside the home by a family member.

Child sexual abuse appears to be equally common across all socioeconomic classes, races, and ethnic groups.

The _____ requires that people with mental disorders receive treatment in their communities rather than being transported to institutions far from home. Civil Rights Act Mental Health Insurance Parity Act Community Mental Health Act Deinstitutionalization Act of 1963

Community Mental Health Act

Your patient is taking a first-generation antipsychotic medication to treat her schizophrenia but she is showing little improvement. What is an appropriate next step? Continue the medication but immediately start social therapy. Gradually increase the dosage until symptoms improve. Consider adding a second drug to create a synergistic effect. Switch to a different antipsychotic drug and simultaneously start the patient on a second additive drug.

Consider adding a second drug to create a synergistic effect.

Jules is a 40-year-old male whose twin suffers from schizophrenia. Jules does not have many friends, because he has some very unusual views about the world that people find strange. He's very superstitious and won't wear anything that's black because it attracts the evil eye. Which personality disorder is Jules probably experiencing? A. histrionic B. paranoid C. borderline D. schizotypal E. schizoid

D

The majority of individuals with schizophrenia: A. live with a family member B. are homeless C. are in hospitals, nursing homes, or other supervised care facilities D. live unsupervised E. are in jail of prison

D

Which of these is NOT a potential side effect of first-generation antipsychotic drugs? A. Parkinsonian symptoms B. neuroleptic malignant syndrome C. tardive dyskinesia D. agranulocytosis

D

Who received the Nobel Prize for research that led to the development of the lobotomy procedure? Walter Freeman Egas Moniz Phillipe Pinel Elliot Valenstein

Egas Moniz

The first mental asylum was founded in: Egypt. Greece. England. France.

Egypt

Which statement is true of the prevalence of schizophrenia in men and women? Men are usually diagnosed with schizophrenia before the age of 15, whereas women are usually diagnosed after the age of 30. Men are diagnosed with schizophrenia far more often than are women. Equal numbers of men and women receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Women tend to have much higher rates of schizophrenia, which is theoretically related to the higher levels of estrogen in their blood.

Equal numbers of men and women receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

_____ is associated with the theory that autism spectrum disorder is caused by parents' personality characteristics. Carl Jung Sigmund Freud Leo Kanner Albert Bandura

Leo Kanner

In the middle of a conversation with your friend about ice hockey, she says, "It's so cold during hockey season. All the movement—gliding and flying high in various patterns. Animals have their own approach, but not in the streets. Smells of blue are everywhere!" Which formal thought disorder does this represent? Clang Neologisms Loose associations Perseveration

Loose associations

Jude is taking an antipsychotic medication and has developed muscle rigidity, fever, altered consciousness, and improper functioning of the autonomic nervous system. What condition is developing? Neuroleptic malignant syndrome Tardive dyskinesia Neurogenesis imperfecta Huntington's chorea

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Which criticism has NOT been made about token economy programs in the treatment of the mentally ill? The programs raise legal and ethical concerns. The quality of the improvement is questioned. There is no evidence of improvement as a result of these programs. Some of the studies used to laud the effectiveness of these programs were uncontrolled.

There is no evidence of improvement as a result of these programs.

McGlashan 2005

These patterns highlightthat within personality disorders the rela-tively fixed criteria are more trait-like andattitudinal, whereas the relatively inter-mittent criteria are more behavioral andreactive. These patterns suggest that per-sonality disorders are hybrids of traits andsymptomatic behaviors and that the in-teraction of these elements over timehelps determine diagnostic stability.These patterns may also inform criterionselection for DSM-V.

Which is a true statement regarding the childhood disorders covered in this chapter? They are more prevalent in boys than in girls. They are all easily identified before the age of 5 years. They are all directly connected to poor parenting skills. They are all resistant to treatment, with very poor prognosis for recovery by adulthood.

They are more prevalent in boys than in girls.

Sigmund Freud believed that schizophrenia could result from: cold and unnuturing parents. learned helplessness. biochemical imbalances. misinterpretation of unusual sensations.

cold and unnuturing parents.

Psychodynamic theorists believe that people who develop antisocial personality disorder have failed to develop a sense of: industry. identity. doubt. trust.

trust

Men are _____ as likely as women to display obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. five times twice four times one and one-half times

twice

The lack of consensus about the correct diagnosis of personality disorders questions the _____ of the DSM categories. validity and interrater opinion reliability and interrater opinion interrater opinion and select agreement validity and reliability

validity and reliability

Circumstantial evidence for the _____ theory comes from the unusually large number of people with schizophrenia born during the winter. prenatal diathesis-stress viral family pedigree

viral

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and ongoing need to be taken care of is _____ personality disorder. histrionic narcissistic dependent avoidant

dependent

Psychodynamic explanations for dependent personality disorder are very similar to those for: mania. psychosis. depression. attachment disorder.

depression

Which symptom is NOT associated with schizophrenia? having an increased energy level talking but not conveying anything withdrawing from others having a blunted affect

having an increased energy level

Which is NOT a description of the three clusters of DSM-5 personality disorders? odd or eccentric behavior dramatic behavior high degree of anxiety high degree of learned helplessness

high degree of learned helplessness

Marcel has a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. He may be demonstrating _____ personality disorder. borderline antisocial histrionic narcissistic

histrionic

Which personality disorder was once called hysterical personality disorder and involves individuals who are typically described as emotionally charged and seeking to be the center of attention? histrionic schizotypal narcissistic antisocial

histrionic

The milieu therapy approach to treating schizophrenia is based on _____ principles. sociocultural psychodynamic cognitive-behavioral humanistic

humanistic

Andrea Yates suffered from _____ psychosis. temporary prodromal anxiety postpartum

postpartum

Approximately one of every _____ people in the world suffers from schizophrenia during his or her lifetime. 10 25 50 100

100

___percent of US population has personality disorder at some point in their life odd-eccentric personality disorders prevalence of paranoid explanations of paranoid treatments of paranoid

15 paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal 4.4, more common in men than women Psychodynamic: patterns of early interactions with demanding parents that made the child view the world as an unsafe place and to be distrustful of others CB: maladaptive assumptions that people are evil and out to get you B: genetic PD: object relations therapists, self therapists Behavioral: anxiety reduction and interpersonal problem solving improvement C: development of more realistic interpretation of words and actions of others B: drug therapy antipsychotics

more than ___ of students get bullied frequently and ___ have been bullied at least once ___ of children and adolescents experience a psychological disorder in any given year which is ___ lower than adults ___to___ of all children and adolescents experience an anxiety disorder ___to___ experience separation anxiety disorder ___experience selective mutism

20, 50 20, 25 14-25 4-10, two thirds of anxious children go untreated 4, individual's symptoms last one month or more and are not limited to the first four weeks of a new school year

Symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder typically appear before the age of: 8. 5. 6. 3.

3

Of all people with schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders, _____ percent do not receive any form of treatment. 2 to 5 10 to 20 25 to 35 40 to 60

40 to 60

According to a large body of research with diverse populations, how many supertraits, or factors, may describe the basic structure of personality? 3 5 10 16

5

In one study of patients who had been receiving antipsychotic medication for at least five years, _____ percent of them relapsed within a year when they were switched to a placebo. 75 68 40 27

75

___of children show improvements in anxiety disorder when combining medication and cognitive-behavioral therapy __% of children and __% of adolescents currently experience MDD in a given year and as many as __% of adolescents experience at least one depressive episode

80 2, 9, 20

Bed-wetting, nightmares and temper tantrums are examples of: A. typical childhood emotional and behavioral problems B. abnormal functioning

A

Eight-year-old Kimono involuntarily urinates whenever she hears or sees her parents arguing. Kimiko likely: A. suffers from enuresis B. has a conduct disorder C. is exhibiting normal childhood experiences

A

It is suggested that individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder have _____, which explains their difficulties with impulse control. A. low levels of serotonin B. high levels of serotonin C. high levels of NE D. low levels of NE E. low levels of GABA

A

Which of these is an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia? A. flat affect B. involuntary movement of the hand C. feeling overwhelmed by the number of thoughts entering the head D. loosened associations

A

Which statement is supported by multiple research studies? Antipsychotic drugs reduce symptoms in the majority of patients with schizophrenia. Drugs are not as effective as milieu therapy in reducing symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Electroconvulsive therapy is more effective than drugs in treating schizophrenia. Milieu therapy and token economies are more effective than drugs in treating schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic drugs reduce symptoms in the majority of patients with schizophrenia.

The move toward institutionalization of the mentally ill in hospitals rather than asylums began in: Belgium. the United States. France. Germany.

France

The concept of the schizophrenogenic mother, which suggests that schizophrenia is caused by cold, domineering, and uninterested mothers, was suggested by: Sigmund Freud. Frieda Fromm-Reichmann. Aaron Beck. Eugen Bleuler.

Frieda Fromm-Reichmann.

_____ are perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli. Neologisms Derailments Delusions Hallucinations

Hallucinations

A patient is taking an antipsychotic medication to treat schizophrenia. Which is NOT a known side effect of this drug? Parkinsonian-type symptoms Huntington's-type symptoms neuroleptic malignant syndrome tardive dyskinesia

Huntington's-type symptoms

_____ personality disorder was formerly a name for histrionic personality disorder. Hysterical Borderline Dramatic Narcissistic

Hysterical

Which statement BEST reflects the findings of twin studies evaluating genetic factors associated with schizophrenia? If one twin has schizophrenia, the other twin—if male—has a significantly increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Identical twins are almost five times as likely to develop schizophrenia as are fraternal twins. If one twin has schizophrenia, there is a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia developing in the other twin, for both identical and fraternal twins. If one twin has schizophrenia, there is an increased risk of schizophrenia developing in the other twin, with a substantially higher risk for identical twins.

If one twin has schizophrenia, there is an increased risk of schizophrenia developing in the other twin, with a substantially higher risk for identical twins.

A therapist is evaluating a person who experienced catatonia, disorganized speech, restricted affect, avolition, and social withdrawal for the past two months. This has led to impairment in the person's personal life and at work. Does this patient meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia? No, the person must also experience delusions or hallucinations. No, the person must experience symptoms for at least six months or more. No, the presence of restricted affect and avolution suggest a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder. Yes, the person meets the diagnostic criteria.

No, the person must experience symptoms for at least six months or more.

antisocial personality disorder perspective treatment

PD: absence of parent love leads to lack of basic trust B: antisocial symptoms learned through operant conditioning C: difficulty recognizing others' viewpoints B: low serotonin activity generally ineffective due to lack of conscience and desire to change

Which statement is true of the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? Researchers have not found a specific link between the two disorders. People with obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder usually develop obsessive-compulsive personality disorder within 3 years. In order to be diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, there must be a history of suffering from obsessive-compulsive anxiety disorder at some point in the person's life. Researchers have found that both disorders are related to a decrease in the neurotransmitter GABA in the prefrontal cortex of the brain.

Researchers have not found a specific link between the two disorders.

What is the primary distinction between the beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder and someone with paranoid schizophrenia? The beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder are usually delusional, whereas the beliefs of someone with paranoid schizophrenia are not. The beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder are not usually delusional, whereas the beliefs of someone with paranoid schizophrenia are. Both individuals will suffer from delusions, but only those with paranoid schizophrenia will suffer from bizarre delusions. The beliefs of both individuals are based on real encounters with others and are accurate perceptions of the real world.

The beliefs of someone with paranoid personality disorder are not usually delusional, whereas the beliefs of someone with paranoid schizophrenia are.

Personality disorders typically become recognizable in: early childhood. middle childhood. middle age. adolescence or early adulthood.

adolescence or early adulthood.

personality disorder ABC ___ of those who attempt suicide are thought to have PD dysfunction needs to be in at least two of these realms...

affect (range intensity and changeability of emotions and emotional responsiveness) behavior (ability to control impulses and interactions with others) cognition (perceptions and interpretations of events, other people, and oneself) 40 cognition, emotion, social interactions, impulsivity

Elise has schizophrenia and has been exceptionally quiet for the past few days. Even when directly spoken to, she gives only very short answers or sometimes refuses to speak at all. Which symptom of schizophrenia is Elise displaying? delusions of grandeur alogia avolition derailment

alogia

The use of antipsychotic medication dates back to the 1940s, when _____ drugs were used to calm patients about to undergo surgery. beta blocking antihistamine anticholinergenic opioid

antihistamine

A con artist is MOST likely to suffer from _____ personality disorder. antisocial narcissistic borderline obsessive-compulsive

antisocial

DSM-5 stipulates that a person must be at least 18 years of age to receive the diagnosis of _____ personality disorder. histrionic narcissistic antisocial obsessive-compulsive

antisocial

People with _____ personality disorder are sometimes described as psychopaths or sociopaths. borderline obsessive-compulsive antisocial narcissistic

antisocial

The cluster of "dramatic" personality disorders includes: antisocial, avoidant, and paranoid. paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal. antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic. avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic.

emotional dramatic personality disorders antisocial personality disorder vs psychopathy vs. sociopath

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic most linked to criminal behavior. ruthless, callus, criminal behavior. must be 18 years of age to receive this diagnosis. 3.6 % of us adults, 4x more common in men 1/3 of prisoners have this disorder children with conduct disorder and ADHD are at higher risk all psychopaths have antisocial personality disorder but not all individuals with antisocial personality disorder are psychopaths. psychopaths also have inflated arrogance, lack of empathy, superficial charm, self appraisal, etc sociopath's behavior results from social conflicts while psychopath's behavior has psychological biological roots

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder oppositional defiant disorder conduct disorder

at least a year, severe outburst of temper that are out of proportion. outburst must occur 3x a week and present in at least two settings. individual displays irritable mood between outbursts repeatedly argumentative defiant, angry, irritable, and possibly vindictive 10% prior to puberty ignore requests and results, try to annoy people, blame others for problems severe, children violate others' basic rights steal threaten or harm 7-15 years

The diagnostic features of which personality disorder bear the greatest similarity to people who are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (social phobia)? avoidant schizoid narcissistic passive-aggressive

avoidant

anxious-fearful personality disorders avoidant perspective treatment

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive extremely uncomfortable in social situations. social anxiety disorder is occurring in particular social circumstances whereas avoidant personality disorder is regarding people being afraid of close social relationships, 2% of US adults PD: shame in childhood CB: harsh criticism in early childhood B: higher than normal levels of autonomic arousal making them hyper sensitive to stimuli in the environment CB: group therapy B: drugs

Surveys throughout the world have repeatedly revealed that _____ ranks as a major problem in the minds of young people, often even more seriously than racism or AIDS. failing school classes being bullied being pressured by peers to use drugs or alcohol looking differently from others

being bullied

How many people typically reside in a halfway house? between 12 and 24 between 4 and 6 1 person at a time anywhere between 25 and 50

between 12 and 24

Franklin was driving to meet a friend when he received a text (read by his car) saying that his friend was going to be late. Franklin flew into a rage. "I know he just doesn't want to spend time with me. He's probably talking about me to his girlfriend right now," Franklin thought. Upset with his friend, Franklin turned his car around, cutting off other drivers. This type of behavior is consistent with _____ personality disorder. narcissistic avoidant borderline obsessive-compulsive

borderline

Which disorder is associated with the presence of schizophrenia symptoms that last less than one month? psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition substance-induced psychotic disorder schizophreniform disorder brief psychotic disorder

brief psychotic disorder

A growing number of community therapists have become _____ for people with schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders. social workers court advocates case managers psychologists

case managers

The psychomotor symptoms for schizophrenia may take certain extreme forms, collectively called: hebephrenia. catatonia. alogia. progromia.

catatonia

schizoid personality disorder perspectives treatments

chronic lack of interest in interpersonal relationships, 3.1% of US adults, more common in men PD: unsatisfied need for human contact thanks to parents CB: deficiencies in thinking PD: object relations, self B: social skills education C: evoking memories of pleasurable experiences B: drug therapy

People who take _____ undergo periodic drug testing to monitor for agranulocytosis. haloperidol clozapine fluphenazine loxapine

clozapine

A therapist is treating an individual with schizophrenia; the therapist focuses on teaching the person appropriate responses to others' social cues. This therapist is MOST likely a(n): existential therapist. psychodynamic therapist. cognitive-behavioral therapist. sociocultural therapist.

cognitive-behavioral therapist.

Based on current research, which treatment approach would you recommend for treating someone with autism spectrum disorder? psychodynamic therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy drug treatment institutionalization

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Which receives the LEAST amount of federal and state funds? social security disability income state hospitals community treatment programs for people with severe mental disorders services for people with mental disorders who live in nursing homes and general hospitals

community treatment programs for people with severe mental disorders

When children reach school age, therapists often use a family intervention called parent management training to help treat: conduct disorder. autism spectrum disorder. ADHD. encopresis.

conduct disorder.

Children with _____ and an accompanying _____ disorder apparently have a heightened risk of developing antisocial personality disorder. conduct disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder oppositional defiant disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder reactive attachment disorder; attention-deficit disorder conduct disorder; oppositional defiant disorder

conduct disorder; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

People with _____ believe their feelings, thoughts, and actions are being controlled by other people. perseveration delusions of reference delusions of control derailment

delusions of control

After evaluating a patient, you determine that she does not require hospitalization but would benefit from daily supervision and therapy. You also believe she would benefit from training on social skills. Which type of community care would BEST meet the needs of this patient? day hospital halfway house sheltered workshop aftercare

day hospital

neuroleptic malignant syndrome tardive dyskinesia second generation antipsychotic drugs

deadly side effect of first generation antipsychotic drugs 30% of individuals, tick like movement, more dopamine receptors leads to involuntary movements of arm and legs good and less extrapyramidal side effects

A therapist is treating a person with borderline personality disorder. Which treatment would you recommend based on current research? rational-emotive behavioral therapy psychodynamic therapy social modeling therapy dialectical behavioral therapy

dialectical behavioral therapy

The Parkinsonian and related symptoms that may be a side effect of taking antipsychotic medications seem to be related to the reduction of _____ activity in the brain. serotonin GABA dopamine norepinephrine

dopamine

Antipsychotic drugs reduce psychotic symptoms, at least in part, because they block excessive activity of neurotransmitters at the brain's _____ receptors. dopamine D-2 GABA dopamine D-4 serotonin

dopamine D-2

histrionic personality disorder perspective treatments

dramatic seductive behavior. equally common in men and women. 1.8 percent of adults in US. getting approved and praise are very important to these individuals PD: unhealthy relationships with parents CB: sense of helplessness without others sociocultural: cultural norms and expectations CB: change beliefs around helplessness PD: focus on dependency issues

Based on current research, which treatment would you be LEAST likely to select initially in treating paranoid personality disorder? object relationship therapy drug therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy self-therapy

drug therapy

Kris has recently been diagnosed with ADHD. Based on current treatment practices, which two treatment modalities are MOST likely to be applied? drug therapy and psychodynamic therapy drug therapy and family therapy family therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy

drug therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy

Repeated involuntary defecating into one's clothing is known as: enuresis. encopresis. Crohn's disease. pediatric elimination disorder.

encopresis

Repeated involuntary bedwetting or wetting of one's clothes is known as: encopresis. conduct disorder. paresis. enuresis.

enuresis

elimination disorders ADHD numbers behavioral disorder, treatment, take ritalin, more likely to be diagnosed ASD -numbers -echolalia -pronominal reversal

enuresis, repeated wetting of one's clothes, must be 5 years old encopresis, defection into clothing, starts after age 4 80% have behavioral disorder, 80% get treatment, 2.2 million children in US take ritalin, whites more likely to be diagnosed lack of responsiveness, appear aloof, play is limited, unusual motor behavior -80% boys, symptoms appear before age three -echoing of phrases spoken by others -confusion of pronouns

Individuals who are trying to recover from schizophrenia are almost four times more likely to relapse if they live with a family that has high levels of: conflict. serotonin. expressed emotion. depression.

expressed emotion.

DSM schizophrenia positive vs negative symptoms psychomotor symptoms

for one month, individual has to have two symptoms with at least one of them being delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech (need a month period where person is psychotic and continuous signs of disturbance persist for at least six months) pathological excess vs pathological deficits -delusions, hallucinations, disordered thinking, and inappropriate affect VS avolition/amotivation (lack of empathy), alogia (loss of speech), anhedonia (loss of pleasure), flat affect, and asociality (lack of social interaction) disorganized behavior and catatonia

Which abnormal chromosomal situation is a cause of Down syndrome? phenylalanine mosaicism fragile X syndrome translocation

fragile X syndrome

Most people with schizophrenia who live in poorly supervised or unsupervised settings survive on: family support. community support. support from religious institutions. government disability payments.

government disability payments.

narcissistic personality disorder perspectives treatment

grandiose, feel no empathy towards others. interact with others to boost their own self-esteem. 6.2% of adults, 50-75% are men PD: cold parents OR: increased risk in disorder if they lost a parent or were abused, treated too negatively in life, score higher on shame and rejection so... CB: treated too positively in life sociocultural: link in eras of narcissism in society PD: work through basic insecurities and defenses CB: focus of self-centered thinking

Which positive symptom of schizophrenia is most quickly reduced by taking antipsychotic medications? flat affect poverty of speech loss of volition hallucinations

hallucinations

Which is NOT mentioned as being a useful form of psychotherapy for people suffering from schizophrenia? insight therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy family therapy social therapy

insight therapy

borderline personality disorder perspectives treatments

instable, major shifts in mood, impulsive. prone to anger to others and themselves. struggling with recurrent fears of abandonment 75% of people with this attempt suicide at least once 5.9% of adults, 75% women risk of suicide decreases once early adulthood stage has passed PD: early parent relationships object relations theory: lack of early acceptance sociocultural: impact of rapidly changing cultures B: overly active amygdala, decreased serotonin biosocial: combination of internal and external factors PD: dialectical behavior therapy (humanistic and psychodynamic approach) B: drugs mostly used to treat suicidal behavior

Which is NOT an area the DSM-5 lists as required to be affected by a personality disorder? intelligence cognition social interactions impulsivity

intelligence

Obssessive compulsive personality disorder perspectives treatments

intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism and control. close minded. not fun. 7.9% of adult population in US, men twice as much. more likely to have anxiety or depression than OCD... PD: overly harsh toilet training in anal stage CB: illogical thinking process respond well to PD or C therapy

dependent personality disorder perspectives treatment

lack of self-confidence, individual is submissive and indecisive, <1% of US adults PD: similar to depression, unresolved conflicts at oral stage OR: early parental loss or rejection. over involvement or over protection B: parents taught loyal behavior C: maladaptive behaviors PD: transference of dependency needs CB: combine interventions B: assertiveness training C: challenge incompetence B: drug

Psychodynamic therapists believe that people with histrionic personality disorder are trying to defend against a deep-seated fear of: being alone. becoming penniless. loss. mistrust.

loss

Winnie, who has an intellectual disability, goes to school with other children her age. Most of the children in her class do not have a disability. This is referred to as: mainstreaming. normalization. institutionalization. special education.

mainstreaming

Amanda is talking with her friends. One of her friends says she is disappointed about not being selected for a team sport. Amanda responds, "The coach told me I was his top pick. He said I would be his top pick in any sport because I'm just naturally athletic. I'm confident I'll play pro one day, probably be one of the youngest pro players in history." This example is characteristic of someone with _____ personality disorder. antisocial histrionic narcissistic paranoid

narcissistic

Individuals with schizophrenia sometimes make up words that have meaning only for themselves. These words are called: ideations. grandeur. paranoia. neologisms.

neologisms

Conventional antipsychotic drugs are referred to as _____ drugs because of their undesirable movement-related side effects. dangerous controlled neuroleptic neuropsychotic

neuroleptic

Which is NOT a category of schizophrenia symptoms? positive negative psychomotor neuromotor

neuromotor

five super traits of personality five groups of problematic traits that would be eligible of a diagnosis of personality disorder

neuroticism extroversion openness to experience agreeableness conscientiousness negative affectivity detachment antagonism disinhibition psychoticism

mindblindness intellectual disability down syndrome vs fragile x syndrome PKU and tay-sachs disease

non awareness that other people have thoughts and perceptions of the world different from you (ASD patients suffer from this) person learns very slowly IQ must be 70 or lower, symptoms must appear before age 18, 60% are male most common chromosomal disorder leading to intellectual disability and the second most common chromosomal cause metabolic causes of ID

The cluster of anxious personality disorders includes avoidant, dependent, and _____ personality disorders. paranoid antisocial histrionic obsessive-compulsive

obsessive-compulsive

Today, psychosurgery is used only in severe cases of: schizophrenia. bipolar disorder. delusional disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression.

obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression.

What percentage of children and adolescents in North America have a diagnosable psychological disorder? one-half one-fifth one-third one-sixth

one-fifth

Token economy programs relied on the systematic application of _____ techniques. operant conditioning classical conditioning social modeling cognitive restructuring

operant conditioning

behavioral theory on schizophrenia cognitive sociocultural family and relapse

operant conditioning leads to people not being reinforced or attending to social cues individuals misinterpreting stimuli and unable to ignore sensory information which increases distractibility and they interpret those stimuli wrong multicultural factors, social labeling, family dysfunction families with greater expressed emotion are associated with 4x more likelihood of relapse and rehospitalization in individuals with schizophrenia

The basic structure of personality may consist of five supertraits, which do NOT include: neuroticism. paranoia. extroversion. openness to experiences.

paranoia

The "odd" cluster of personality disorders consists of which personality disorders? antisocial, avoidant, and paranoid. paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal. antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic. avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.

paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal.

Children who suffer some form of abuse are most likely to be abused by a: stranger. sibling. parent. teacher.

parent

Delusions of _____ are the most common type of delusions in schizophrenia. persecution paranoia grandeur reference

persecution

An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs the sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy is known as a: character flaw. character disorder. personality disorder. schizoaffective disorder.

personality disorder.

Enduring and predictable behavioral consistencies are often called: learned characteristics. inherited characteristics. personality traits. character traits.

personality traits.

The group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications was called: phenothiazines. anti-inflammatories. beta blockers. benzodiazepines.

phenothiazines

The most common metabolic disorder to cause intellectual disability is: Tay-Sachs disease. sickle cell disease. phenylketonuria (PKU). Reyes Syndrome.

phenylketonuria (PKU).

Inappropriate affect, the experiencing of emotions that are unsuited to a situation, is classified as a(n) _____ symptom of schizophrenia. neurological negative avolitional positive

positive

Type 1 schizophrenia is to ______ as type 2 schizophrenia is to _____

positive symptoms; negative symptoms

increases in dopamine in subcortical areas are theorized to be related to ___symptoms of schizophrenia while decreased activity in cortical areas are linked to ____ psychodynamic theory

positive, negative -brain injury to prefrontal cortex leads to negative symptoms bc under active dopamine neuron, release of mesolimbic dopamine neurons from inhibitory control leads to positive symptoms major thought disorder due to primitive personality where thinking isn't clear bc individual is all "id", harsh cold mother who doesn't nurture her child

Generally speaking, persons with schizophrenia who feel _____ toward their relatives do better in treatment. dependent apathetic detached positively

positively

What is the primary reason that people with schizoid personality disorder avoid social contact? paranoid feelings distrust of others fear of rejection preference to be alone

preference to be alone

course of schizophrenia type 1 vs type 2 schizophrenia

prodromal, active, residual (only 20-30% of individuals fully recover while most just go back to the first stage) mostly positive symptoms with better possibility of recovery due to disturbances in NT being fixable through medication VS mostly negative symptoms and harder to recover from because loss of brain volume

A loss of contact with reality is called a: delusion. hallucination. psychosis. flat affect.

psychosis

Which is NOT a method used for teaching children with autism spectrum disorder to communicate? augmentative communication systems sign language simultaneous communication psychotherapy

psychotherapy

schizotypal perspective treatment

range of interpersonal problems, bizarre thinkings behavioral eccentricities. most close to schizophrenia. 3.9%, more male. teens with this disorder more at risk of schizophrenia same perspective B: help client reconnect to world and recognize thinking limits (tell them they don't have magical abilities) CB: recognize unusual thoughts and magical predictions B: low dose antipsychotic drugs

Which disorder is characterized by marked symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder? schizoaffective disorder schizophreniform disorder brief psychotic disorder shared psychotic disorder

schizoaffective disorder

People with _____ personality disorder persistently avoid and are removed from social relationships and demonstrate little in the way of emotion. avoidant schizoid obsessive-compulsive schizotypal

schizoid

Lacie has recently been diagnosed with an "odd" personality disorder. It is likely that Lacie also qualifies for an additional diagnosis of: schizophrenia. depression. obsessive-compulsive disorder. mental retardation.

schizophrenia

Emmett experiences ideas of reference and bodily illusions. MOST likely, Emmett has _____ personality disorder. avoidant schizotypal schizoid schizoaffective

schizotypal

Which is NOT a personality tendency that would be included in the newly proposed diagnosis that is called personality disorder trait specified (PDTS)? manipulativeness attention seeking hostility sexual promiscuity

sexual promiscuity

Many people who are recovering from schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders receive occupational training in a(n) _____ workshop, which is a supervised workplace for individuals who are not ready to work independently in competitive or complicated jobs. assisted sheltered halfway probationary

sheltered

schizophreniform disorder brief psychotic disorder schizoaffective disorder delusional disorder

short term schizophrenia (1-6 months) psychotic reaction that lasts about a day and up to a month in duration caused by extreme stress (brief psychotic breakdown) individual isn't clearly schizophrenic or has a mood disorder, middle ground troubled by persistent delusions of persecution, jealousy, believes celebrities are in love with them and individual ends up stalking

The DSM-5 requires that continuous signs of schizophrenia be present for at least _____ month(s) for a diagnosis of schizophrenia to be warranted. one three four six

six

In most cases, antipsychotic drugs produce the maximum level of improvement within the first _____ of treatment. month week six months nine months

six months

A therapist is treating an individual with schizophrenia. The therapist asks the client various questions to determine the level of expressed emotion at home. This therapist is MOST likely a(n): existential therapist. psychodynamic therapist. cognitive-behavioral therapist. sociocultural therapist.

sociocultural therapist.

The term schizophrenia is a combination of the Greek words that mean "_____ mind." split void absent wrong

split

Psychosis Schizophrenia lifetime prevalence

state defined by a loss of contact with reality (most psychoses appear in the form of schizophrenia) major disturbances in thought, emotion, and behavior 1%, affects men slightly more than women. women have later onset at 28 while men at 23. diagnosed more in african americans

prefrontal lobotomy and schizophrenia milieu therapy vs token economy phenothiazine

surprisingly effective but some poor outcomes like weight gains, seizures, loss of motor control humanistic psychology vs operant conditioning and behaviorism first generation antipsychotic medication, tranquilizer, reduced positive but not negative symptoms. produced extrapyramidal side effects

Hospitalized patients with schizophrenia are awarded points when they behave in a desired manner. Poor or unacceptable behavior is ignored. This reflects which approach to treatment? sheltered workshop social therapy milieu therapy token economy

token economy

expert on mental illness reveals her own fight

tried to kill herself multiple times, was in a psych ward at 17 years old now psychologist who would've defined her self as having borderline personality disorder uses dialectical therapy sessions (opposite action and mindfulness practice) and its been working