Psych
An intelligence test yields the same results when administered on three separate occasions. However, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent doing homework than they are with other standardized intelligence tests. This test has________ reliability and ________ validity. high; high high; low low; high low; low
high; low
In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus. higher order initial primary secondary
higher order
Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction? -0.5 -0.2 +0.4 +0.7
-0.5
Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation? -0.9 -0.2 +0.2 +0.9
-0.9
When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information. antero-retro; flashbulb anterograde; retrograde flashbulb; retro-antero retrograde; anterograde
retrograde; anterograde
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________. brainstem internal organs peripheral nerves spinal cord
spinal cord
To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule. CS + UCS; continuous CS + UCS; intermittent UCS alone; continuous UCS alone; intermittent
CS + UCS; continuous
Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct? Eyewitness testimony is always reliable. Eyewitness testimony is never reliable. Eyewitness testimony is reliable for events that do not involve crime. Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.
Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.
Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified by the following? Amantha left her phone somewhere, but she can't remember where. distortion forgetting imposition intrusion
Forgetting
Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house? Amygdala Cerebellum Hippocampus Prefrontal cortex
Hippocampus
Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology? Male bias exists in science. Male psychologists assume that their results do not apply to women. Male psychologists do not pay enough attention to relationships. Male psychologists emphasize objective data over subjective data.
Male bias exists in science.
Who started the feminist revolution in psychology? Anna Freud Bruno Bettelheim Naomi Weisstein Sigmund Freud
Naomi Weisstein
Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________. Negative punishment Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
The empirical method of study is based on ________. guesswork observation practice statistics
Observation
Microchip brain implants are now used on a regular basis for the treatment of Schizophrenia Parkinson's Attention Deficit Disorder None of the above
Parkinson's
When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer. Encoding Recognition Storage The Stroop effect
Recognition
Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding? Being able to hum the tune to a song after hearing it only once Dreaming about a beach and deciding to take a vacation Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV Thinking about a car you plan to buy and having the image of the car appear in your mind
Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV
What are the two components of declarative memory? Implicit and explicit Procedural and implicit Semantic and episodic Short-term and long-term
Semantic and episodic
Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories. Sexism Suggestibility Recognition Reconstruction
Suggestibility
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior. The name "Sigmund Freud" should be changed to "Wilhelm Wundt." The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious." The word "unconscious" to the word "conscious." The word "understand" should be changed to the word "believing."
The word "subconscious" should be changed to the word "conscious."
One hundred introductory psychology students are surveyed about their intended majors. The results indicate that more women than men intend to pursue a psychology major, whereas more men than women intend to pursue a history major. What do these results indicate? Despite advances in feminism, there are still gender inequalities in post-secondary studies. More women than men attend college. The research sample is invalid because men and women are not equally represented. There is a relationship between gender and intended major.
There is a relationship between gender and intended major.
Elaborative rehearsal involves ________. Immediately applying new information to a practical problem Organizing information into manageable bits or chunks Sleeping immediately after learning new information to allow your mind to process it Thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
Thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
Felipe looks over his presentation, and he notices that some of the words are written in bold and some are written in italic. His ability to remember these differences is an example of ________ encoding. Acoustic Semantic Sensory Visual
Visual
Psychoanalytic theory focuses on and early childhood experiences. a person's consciousness a person's unconscious fetal development sexual identity
a person's unconscious
Critical thinking is___________. applying a set of skills to find information about a controversial topic applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information applying information to understand and evaluate social phenomena reviewing information on the Internet to develop a critical opinion on it
applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information
Many studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________. are possible to test with animal studies are possible to test with participants from prison populations are possible to form strong opinions that are logical and intuitive are not possible to test with empirical methods
are possible to test with animal studies
Which of the following is an example of instinct: unlearned knowledge that involves complex patterns of behavior? baby seeking food by rooting and suckling believing that nudity is wrong teacher demonstrating algebra to toddler who is toilet training
baby seeking food by rooting and suckling
Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________. case studies correlational cross-sectional surveys
case studies
A(n) ________ case study is conducted by gathering detailed information about participants who are psychological patients. clinical experimental naturalistic patient
clinical
Which of the following imaging techniques does not collect information about brain functioning? computerized tomography (CT) scan electroencephalography (EEG) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) positron emission tomography (PET)
computerized tomography (CT) scan
Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________. conditioned response conditioned stimulus unconditioned response unconditioned stimulus
conditioned response
Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________. confirmation bias confounding variable correlational research observer bias
confirmation bias
The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment. alternate experimental control dependent independent
control
________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables. cause-and-effect correlation reliability validity
correlation
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________. depression obsessive-compulsive disorder Parkinson's disease schizophrenia
depression
A major advantage of case studies is ________. detailed information generalizability large sample size quick data collection
detailed information
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify? biopsychology developmental psychology personality psychology sensation and perception
developmental psychology
In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments. control double-blind pilot randomly assigned
double-blind
________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves. electroencephalography (EEG) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positron emission tomography (PET)
electroencephalography (EEG)
Which of the following is a scientific way of determining facts? common opinions empirical studies intuition lucky breaks
empirical studies
Diabetes is a(n) ________ disorder because insulin is a ________. endocrine; hormone endocrine; neurotransmitter neurological; hormone neurological; neurotransmitter
endocrine; hormone
Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions? correlational experimental quasi-experimental survey
experimental
Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________. acquisition conditioning extinction learning
extinction
William James was the ________. author of the first psychology textbook father of psychology first American psychologist first psychoanalyst
first American psychologist
Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory? headlines from the news how to play the piano new people he meets the most recent updates in his children's lives
how to play the piano
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience? conditioning instincts learning reflexes
learning
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design. cross sectional experimental longitudinal survey
longitudinal
Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place? difficulty comprehending language difficulty producing language motor skill deficits in the left side of her body sensory deficits in the right side of her body
motor skill deficits in the left side of her body
Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use? case study experiment naturalistic observation survey
naturalistic observation
Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning. latent observational Pavlovian vicarious
observational
Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes ________. experimenter bias observer bias participant bias placebo effect
placebo effect
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. autonomic parasympathetic somatic sympathetic
sympathetic
The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain? frontal occipital parietal temporal
temporal
Which of the following defines hypothesis? idea that proves a theory means of explaining social phenomena tentative explanation way of looking at the world
tentative explanation
Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study _____________. only behavior only the mind the mind and behavior the soul, the mind, and behavior
the mind and behavior
Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________. deductive reasoning inductive reasoning the experiment the scientific method
the scientific method
A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena. conclusion hypothesis operational definition theory
theory
Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this? fixed interval fixed ratio variable interval variable ratio
variable interval
You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this? fixed interval fixed ratio variable interval variable ratio
variable interval
Which of the following would be the best example of a valid naturalistic observation study in driving behavior? assessing behaviors from a police cruiser dash cam having passengers rate the driver's behavior using footage from red light cameras watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets
watching footage obtained from cameras set up unobtrusively on various streets