Psych. Adult Development and Aging Quizes 1-6

Luke was a soldier who served in Afghanistan. He witnessed some horrific events and now suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder. PTSD is an example of which category of mental disorders?

Anxiety

Marc, an 11-year-old boy, is adept with his iPad and already knows how to program games in three different computer languages. Marc's mother, Peggy, is 41 and grew up with less technology but spent more time outside playing. How are Marc's and Peggy's IQs likely to compare, considering the Flynn effect?

Marc is likely to have a higher IQ than Peggy because he can think abstractly

What are normative age-graded influences?

Changes associated with age

What did the Seattle Longitudinal Study discover regarding people's intelligence as they age?

It remains the same until around 67, when there is a slight drop, and then a deeper drop after 80

How does attachment to parents change during adolescence?

It turns from physical proximity to communication

Clara is about to turn 65. According to Carstensen (1995), what is likely to happen with Clara's social network?

It will shrink, but gain in quality.

What is the top cancer killer among adults over age 55?

Lung

Ted, who is newly engaged to Usha, is volunteering for a study. Researchers show him a picture of Usha and then measure his dopamine levels. The researchers are measuring

attraction

Dr. Martinez proposes that men and women act differently because during prehistoric times, men hunted and women gathered. He argues that these traits have been passed on through the generations. Dr. Martinez is supporting ___________ theory.

evolutionary

John needs to pay his water bill. He finds his checkbook, writes the check, and then mails the bill. This situation is an example of

executive functioning

People who own pets are more likely to be __________ than non-pet owners.

fitter

Cho, a 51-year-old woman, is complaining of insomnia. She says she has trouble getting to sleep because her temperature is off, and when she does fall asleep, her partner says she snores loudly. Cho is likely experiencing insomnia as a result of

menopause

Kelly has been feeling exhausted for the past few months. She has lost weight and has little interest in any activities. These symptoms are examples of which mental disorder?

mood

Margaret undergoes a DXA scan and discovers her bones have rapidly become less dense since she turned 55. Margaret has

osteoporosis

Ohlshansky (2012) suggests that people who have aged well have cells that are resistant to

oxidative damage

The __________ memory involves the passive maintenance in the short-term store.

primary

Jean attributes her long, healthy life to a steady diet of blueberries and green tea. Olshansky (2012) would suggest this diet has

reduced oxidative damage.

A 12 year old who enters college may be very intelligent, but is also off with

social timing

How does parenting change during middle adulthood?

It becomes less demanding

What is true about the incidence of insomnia as we age?

It increases for everyone, but even more so for women.

What is the key point of the bioecological model of development?

Development cannot be studied out of context.

About what percentage of adults over the age of 85 die each year?

13%

What is the number one cause of death for emerging adults?

Accidents

Which of the following exemplifies someone who will maintain high cognitive ability throughout his or her life?

Amanda, an Army sergeant

What is a key similarity between evolutionary psychology and attachment theory?

Both suggest attachment developed to ensure survival of infants.

The term _________ is almost synonymous with generation, but it is narrower in scope.

Cohort

Which of the following is the best definition for the life-span developmental psychology approach?

Development occurs over the lifetime and is multidimensional, shaped by many causes.

William is 46, obese, has a sedentary lifestyle, and high cholesterol, but has never smoked. For which disease is he likely a candidate?

Diabetes

What does epigenetic inheritance mean?

Genes can be influenced through the environment.

The National Comorbidity Survey has demonstrated that, roughly, this much of the U.S. population has dealt with mental illness at some point?

Half

If a man is asked whom he receives support from, whom is he likely to name?

His wife

What is a key difference between interviews and surveys?

Interviews tend to be open-ended, while surveys are structured.

What is a key distinction between crystallized and fluid intelligence?

Nonverbal, fluid intelligence declines earlier than verbal, crystallized intelligence.

What are the two biggest common risk factors for age-related disease?

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle

Which theory of aging focuses on changes at the cellular level, including the release of free radicals?

Oxidative damage

Betty, who suffers from the early stages of Alzheimer's, has alarms on her bed and doors to alert her children if she gets out of bed in the night or tries to leave her house. This assistive technology will do which of the following?

Permit Betty to stay in her home longer

What is a key difference between same-sex couples and heterosexual couples?

Physical violence is a bigger issue for same-sex couples.

Which of the following couples is most likely to stay together?

Sara and Ed remember a family vacation with a lot of joking

What is empirical research?

Scientific studies

What is the first step in memory according to the information-processing perspective?

Sensory store

What has happened to households for the first time since data collection began in the 1940s?

The majority of households do not contain a married couple

Which of the following are activities that would best delay cognitive decline?

Sudoku and running

How have families overcome possible isolation from extended family due to mobility?

Technology

Ellie notices her first gray hairs, and Jim is looking forward to retirement at age 65. What do these two events have in common?

They are both normative age-graded influences

What is true about adults ages 60 and older in terms of obesity?

They are slightly more likely to be obese than other age groups.

On a day-to-day basis, how does the heart of an older person compare to one of a younger person?

They both work just about the same

How do behavior geneticists primarily study the influence of genes on behaviors?

Twin studies

Which sense develops last in infants and is the first to show decline as we age?

Vision

How has our understanding of aging and social roles changed over time?

We used to view aging as losing roles, but now we see them as changing roles

What is a key health difference between men and women?

Women live longer than men, but have more chronic diseases.

In what stage of life are there more social role changes than any other stage?

Young adulthood

Psychologist Roger Dixon suggests we should look at cognitive changes as

both losses and gains.

The ___________ explores the ever-changing network of relationships people make throughout their lives.

convoy model

Gina and Paul have been married for 35 years, and both report being in good health and spirits. Their friend, Melissa, however, is a divorcee who reports that after her marriage dissolved, she experienced depression and financial hardships. This situation is best explained by the marital ________ effect.

crisis

The _____________ method chooses different groups of subjects at each of a series of ages and compares their responses.

cross-sectional

A study reveals that Mark's brain at age 70 is experiencing both changes in neurons and also some pruning of neurons. These are both examples of the brain's

plasticity

After breaking up her twin sons' fight, Mary asks her mother, Georgia, what she did when Mary and her sister argued. Georgia answers that Mary and her brother never fought and that she only remembers the children playing well. This situation is an example of

positivity bias

The movement of being a high school student to a college student is an example of a

role transition

Dr. Fayed is examining how some people's friendships deepen as they age and their peer groups pass away. Dr. Fayed is studying

role transitions

The idea that women should be nurturing is an example of a gender

stereotype