Psych ch 12 smart book:

Shelby discovers that he has to continually increase the amount of cocaine that he snorts in order to achieve the same effects as the first time he used it. This is referred to as

tolerance.

Which of the following are opioids? Select all that apply.

hydrocodone, percocet, & oxycontin

A commonly used assessment for alcohol use disorders is the ______.

AUDIT

Which of the following apply to Korsakoff's syndrome? Choose all that apply.

Institutionalization is often necessary, it involves amnesia, & it is a permanent form of dementia

Which of the following is an addictive stimulant drug that is related to amphetamines but provokes more intense central nervous system effects and can be smoked and/or taken through the nose, intravenously, or orally?

Methamphetamine

Which of the following is a small, spineless cactus whose principal active ingredient is mescaline?

Peyote

Which of the following did the DSM-5 authors consider but not include based on the current research? Choose all that apply.

shopping, sex, & exercise addiction

As people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they become more likely to make risky choices based on the rewards of the moment rather than considering longer-term consequences.This is best described as

alcohol myopia theory.

The type of drug that might be in a diet pill in which nervous system activity is increased is most likely a(n)

amphetamine.

Each of the following are examples of inhalants except

anxiolytics.

Clinicians who design interventions for people with alcohol use disorders begin by

assessing the alcohol use patterns of their clients.

The _____ model is a useful one for understanding substance dependence and approaches to treatment because it incorporates genetics, developmental issues, and sociocultural factors.

biopsychosocial

Naltexone reduces alcohol consumption by

blocking the effects of the body's production of alcohol-induced opioids.

Which of the following describe the effects of psilocybin? Choose all that apply.

difficulty differentiating fantasy from reality & alternations in motor reflexes

According to ______ process theory of alcohol use disorder, there is a cognitive system involving automatic impulses and a cognitive system that could regulate such impulses.

dual

From a behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop because

gambling offers a pattern of reinforcement and rewards.

In families from lower socioeconomic levels, _______ seemed to play a larger role than _______ in the level of alcohol use.

genetics/the environment

A condition called _______ consists of flashbacks or spontaneous hallucinations, delusions, or disturbances in mood similar to the changes that took place while the person was intoxicated with the drug.

hallucinogen persisting perception disorder

A _____ is a drug that causes people to experience profound distortions in their perception of reality.

hallucinogens

Which of the following are true of MDMA? Choose all that apply.

its popular street name is ecstasy & it is a hallucinogen

Which of the following contain nicotine? Choose all that apply.

pipe tobacco & chewing tobacco & cigarettes

The term _____ describes the effect that occurs when alcohol is combined with other drugs and the effects of the drugs taken together are greater than the effect of either substance taken alone.

potentiation

Mood and anxiety disorders are most likely to ______ the onset of gambling disorder.

precede

Twin, family, and adoption studies point to the importance of genetic factors as contributors to alcohol-related disorders, with an estimated heritability of

50 to 60 percent.

A _____ is a category of drug that includes substances that have an activating effect on the nervous system.

stimulant

Caffeine is a(n) ____ found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies.

stimulant

What is the basic idea behind dual-process theory?

the more people can inhibit automatic impulses, the less likely they are to drink excessive amounts.

_____ occurs when a person requires increasingly greater amounts of a substance in order to achieve desired effects.

tolerance

Anxiolytics:

treat anxiety

Which of the following are medicinal uses of synthetic THC? Choose all that apply.

treating asthma & glaucoma & reducing nausea in cancer patients

From the behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop due to a _______ schedule of reinforcement.

variable-ratio

Bart was a heavy drinker of alcohol but one day decided to just stop completely. He immediately began to have severe physiological and psychological symptoms, including anxiety and shakiness.. Bart is most likely displaying substance _______

withdrawal

Which of the following is a substance that relieves pain?

Opioid

The psychoactive ingredient in cigarettes is ____.

nicotine

About what percent of adults over the age of 65 binge drink?

10%

According to the U.S. government's National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in 2016, what percentage of the population used an illicit drug in the preceding 30 days?

11%

What age group has the highest rates of binge drinking?

18 - 25

Olga has been taking drugs that affect both her central nervous system and autonomic nervous system. When she takes these drugs, she becomes hostile, violent, and paranoid, and her blood pressure increases. Which of the following is she most likely taking?

Amphetamines

Which of the following best describes the result of the category of drugs referred to as stimulants?

An activating effect on the nervous system

Which of the following models is most useful for understanding substance use disorder and approaches to treatment?

Biopsychosocial

Which treatment approach for gambling disorder lets clients decide if they want to pursue complete abstinence or moderation as the goal?

Brief motivational interviewing

Which treatment modality has the greatest empirical support for the treatment of gambling disorder?

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Which of the following medications is used in aversion therapy in which a person experiences unpleasant physical reactions after consuming alcohol while taking the medication?

Disulfiram

True or false: Methamphetamines are addictive stimulants with no long-term detrimental health effects.

False

True or false: Researchers have identified a specific gene that is responsible for the development of alcohol-related disorders.

False

Ken feels compelled to bet on horses and is at the race track whenever there are races. Ken has lost a lot of money, but he knows he can win it back with just one lucky break. He does not tell his wife how much he has actually lost. Ken would likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Gambling disorder

Which of the following best describes the action of caffeine in the body?

It activates the sympathetic nervous system through increasing the production of adrenaline.

Which of the following best describes the pharmacological effects of disulfiram?

It blocks the action of an enzyme that normally breaks down acetaldehyde, a toxic product involved in ethanol metabolism.

Which of the following is correct in regard to phencyclidine?

It can be smoked or snorted.

Which of the following are true of Wernicke's disease? Choose all that apply.

It is associated w long-term alcohol consumption, involves delirium, the result of a thiamine deficiency, & is potentially reversible

Ethan takes some tablets his roommate gives him and immediately there is a dramatic change in his sensations. He believes that numbers have their own special flavor, and he says he is able to see sounds. The drug in the tablets is most likely ______.

LSD

Which of the following produces an altered sense of time and self, may result in synesthesia, and may involve terrifying feelings of panic, losing control, going insane, or dying?

LSD

Which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug?

Marijuana

Which of the following medications is designed to prevent relapse among those with alcohol use disorder?

Naltrexone

Randall's psychologist tells him that it is fairly common for people in alcohol abstinence programs to slip and go back to drinking and that it is best to consider this a temporary setback. Which of the following is the psychologist reflecting?

Relapse prevention techniques

Why is Internet gaming disorder not a diagnosis in the DSM-5?

Research on the disorder is not fully developed.

True or false: There is considerable research that supports the importance of genetics in the development of serious substance problems.

True

An acute and potentially reversible condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet because of a thiamine deficiency caused by chronic alcohol use is

Wernicke's disease.

Which of the following describes physiological and psychological changes that a person goes through when they discontinue using a drug?

Withdrawal

Research suggests possible genetic abnormalities in the opioid receptor on _______ that may be involved in alcohol and other substance disorders.

chromosome 1

s a highly addictive central nervous system stimulant that a person snorts, injects, or smokes.

cocaine

The sociocultural model that connects genetic predisposition to environmental stressors is call the _______ model.

diathesis-stress

Korsakoff's syndrome is a permanent form of _____ and is associated with long-term, heavy alcohol use.

dementia

Alcohol is a(n)

depressant.

Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics all act as central nervous system

depressants

The chemical named MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is known on the street as _____.

ecstasy

Hypnosis:

induce sleep

_____ are a diverse group of substances that cause psychoactive effects by producing chemical vapors. They are not in and of themselves harmful and are often found in the home and workplace.

inhalants

Which of the following best describe psilocybin? Choose all that apply.

it has hallucinogenic properties & is derived from mushrooms

Which of the following apply to peyote?

its long-term effect are unknown, used in Mexican religious ceremonies, & its active ingredient is mescaline.

What is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the hemp plant?

marijuana

Which of the following describe the effects of cocaine? Choose all that apply.

mental alertness & euphoria

Alcohol _______ theory states that as people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are more likely to make risky choices because the immediate temptation of the moment overcomes the possible long-term consequences.

myopia

Which of the following disorders often coincide with gambling disorder? Choose all that apply.

nicotine dependence, anxiety disorder, & mood disorder

Sedatives:

produce a soothing or calming effect

Myra is in an alcohol abstinence program. She has a slip in which she becomes very drunk, so she considers dropping out of therapy altogether. Her therapist invokes a ______ prevention technique by telling her that this is part of the treatment process and is a temporary setback.

relapse

Which of the following are adverse effects of PCP? Choose all that apply.

schizophrenia-like symptoms & memory loss

Which of the following are unique features of gambling disorder? Choose all that apply.

seeking financial bailouts, lying about financial losses, & committing crimes to support gambling habits