Psych Ch 4 Revel

As a person relaxes and becomes drowsy, _______ waves appear.

alpha

Antwon can't seem to focus in class today. Though he's not asleep, his mind appears to be drifting off, leading to thoughts of his girlfriend, his job, and upcoming events of the day. Antwon appears to be in which of the following states of consciousness?

altered

Every night, Pricilla increases her dose of pain medication, noting that the initial dose no longer works. Pricilla seems to have developed

drug tolerance.

Night terrors are experienced

during deep non-REM sleep.

When under the influence of a stimulant, you are likely to be in a state of

increased alertness.

Smoking marijuana

may cause cardiovascular disease in chronic users.

Just before every test, Juan closes his eyes, relaxes, and visualizes himself passing all of his exams with high scores. Juan appears to be engaging in the practice of ________.

meditation

As ______ accumulate(s) in the body, a person will begin to feel sleepy.

melatonin

Depressant drugs derived from the opium poppy are called

narcotics.

Jonah is often a victim of bad dreams, frequently centered around being left at a store or getting lost at an amusement park. He sometimes wakes up from them, and calls for his parents to help him calm down. These episodes take place during REM sleep. Jonah is experiencing

nightmares.

Melatonin is secreted by the ________ gland.

pineal

Evelyn smoked cigarettes when she was younger but had no problem quitting. Though ten years have passed since Evelyn has touched a cigarette, every now and then she gets a strong craving to smoke again. Evelyn's craving is most likely the result of ________.

psychological dependence

Ecstasy is classified as a

stimulatory hallucinogenic.

The sleep-wake cycle is controlled by _______.

the brain

When people's thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, and they feel alert, they are generally said to be in a state of

waking consciousness.

Freud believed that dreams were a kind of ________ for his patients.

wish fulfillment

About ___ percent of people are good hypnotic subjects.

40

The real inquiry into the process of dreaming was begun by

Freud.

Alcohol indirectly stimulates the release of _____, the brain's major depressant.

GABA

Which of the following is TRUE about the circadian rhythm?

It is a cycle that takes about a day to complete.

Which of the following is TRUE about REM sleep?

It is when most dreams occur.

________ are sometimes used to treat narcolepsy.

Methamphetamines

The body is at its lowest level of functioning during

N3 (R & K Stages 3 & 4).

Which of the following situations best demonstrates waking consciousness?

Orlando carefully calculates his taxes two weeks before taxes are due.

______ is a rare disorder in which the mechanism that inhibits the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares.

REM behavior disorder

Which statement about sleep apnea is TRUE?

The person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for 10 seconds or more.

Some instances of automobile accidents have been caused by the driver falling asleep at the wheel, even though the person was certain that he or she had not slept. Which of the following may explain why this happens?

The person was in the N1 stage of sleep.

After taking medication for his back, Todd's thoughts become fuzzy and disorganized. Todd was in a state of

altered consciousness.

Minor tranquilizers

are commonly used to treat anxiety.

Eventually, everyone must sleep due to our

biological rhythms.

People under hypnosis

can be made to forget what happens during the hypnotic session.

Both marijuana and hashish contain

cannabinoids.

In a(n) __________ view, consciousness is generated by a set of action potentials in the communication among neurons just sufficient to produce awareness.

cognitive neuroscience

For which of the following would hypnosis probably be most effective?

controlling pain

According to researchers, men tend to

have more physical aggression in their dreams than women.

Many researchers believe that reports of ghostly visions and alien abductions can be explained by __________ during the first stage of sleep.

hypnogogic images

When someone is properly meditating, brain waves change to include

more theta and alpha waves.

David often experiences "sleep seizures" during the day. He probably suffers from

narcolepsy.

The ___________ of hypnosis suggests that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state, but are playing the role expected of them in that situation.

social-cognitive theory

Archie believes that people who think they are hypnotized are not actually hypnotized at all. In fact, they are simply acting out everything that they are being told to do by the hypnotist. Archie's way of thinking is similar to which of the following theories?

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

Darren uses cocaine recreationally. Darren's drug of choice is a ________.

stimulant

Whenever Caroline goes more than a day without drinking, she begins to experience severe headaches, irritability, nausea, cramping, and shaking. Caroline is experiencing symptoms of _______.

withdrawal