psych chap 13

preformance appraisal

A comparison of actual performance with expected performance to assess an employee's contributions to the organization.

work-family balance

occurs when people juggle the demands of work life with the demands of family life

procedural justice

perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards

What has research found to be the primary difference between male and female leadership style?

Women tend to practice an interpersonal style and men practice a task-oriented style.

Telecommuting

Working at home by using a computer terminal electronically linked to one's place of employment.

human factors psychology

a branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

industrial-organizational psychology

a subfield of psychology that studies and advises on workplace behavior.

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

an exception in employment law that permits sex, age, religion, and the like to be used when making employment decisions, but only if they are "reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business." BFOQs are strictly monitored by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to dicriminate by a personas race, color, religion, sex disability or genetic orgin.

Hawthorne effect

increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors

Isolation, a lack of job security, work overload, harassment, and bullying are all examples of factors that can lead to ________.

job stress

Transactional Leadership

leadership based on an exchange process in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance

Identify two criticisms of Frederick Taylor's scientific management approach to worker productivity.

Frederick Taylor's theory received a great deal of criticism because some believed that it would exploit workers and reduce the number of workers needed. Also controversial was the underlying concept that only a manager could determine the most efficient method of working, and that while at work, a worker was incapable of this

Theory Y

The assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction.

theory X

assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above.

organizational psychology

branch of psych that studies the interactions between people working and the effects these interactions have on productivity

A police or FBI SWAT team handling a hostage situation exemplifies a ________ team.

tactial team

What area are human factors psychologists researching when they study what steps people take to successfully wash their hands before performing surgery?

task analysis

organization culture

the values and norms shared among an organization's employees

immutable characteristics

traits that employers cannot use to discriminate in hiring, benefits, promotions, or termination; these traits are fundamental to one's personal identity (e.g. skin color and hair texture)

Which of the following is a disadvantage of strengths-based management?

Managers neglect improving their weaknesses and overusing their strengths.

Americans with Disabilities Act

Passed by Congress in 1991, this act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commerical buildings.

Describe the Theory Y approach to management

People who approach the theory Y approach to management are self motivated and enjoy a challenge of what they do. There would be a lot of group and team work to come up with great ideas as a colabration. They are also very motivating to other people and encourage, create responsibilities that are well suited to their strengths.

Transformational Leadership

characterstics of leaders who are charasmatic role models, insprational and intellectually stimulating. And who seek to change to organazation

Which choice is the best definition of a performance appraisal?

evaluating an employee's success at carrying out the duties of their job