psych. Chapter 15
in ellis's A-B-C theory of emotion, the primary role of the therapist is to persuade the client that_.
B causes C
what is meant by aversion therapy?
a form of behavior therapy that inhibits maladapative behavior by pairing a stimulus that normally elicits a maladaptive response with an unpleasant stimulus
what is meant by aversion therapy?
a form of behavior therapy that inhibits maladaptive behavior by pairing a stimulus that normally elicits a maladaptive response with an unpleasant stimulus
what is meant by assertiveness training?
a form of social-skills training that teaches clients to express their feelings constructively
for a person to be committed involuntarily to a mental hospital,_
a judge or jury must decide that the person is dangerous to himself or herself or others
which of the following characteristics relates to person- centered therapy?
a type of humanistic therapy, developed by carl rogers, that helps clients find their own answers to their problems
in vivo desensitization involves_.
actually facing the fear-inducing stimuli listed on the anxiety hierarchy
according to the text, understanding cross cultural differences will be especially important for therapists by the year 2050 because_.
almost half of all americans will be members of ethnic minorities
the core premise of most types of family therapy is that_.
an individual's problems may arise from family problems and that improving interactions among family members will help
during her therapy sessions, whenever the discussion veers toward michelle's brother, michelle changes the subject. her therapist points this pattern out to her. in other words, this therapist is _.
analyzing michelle's resistance
what name is given to psychoactive drugs that are used to treat anxiety disorders?
antianxiety drugs
which of the following refers to psychoactive drugs that are used to treat schizophrenia?
antipsychotic drugs
bart is a chronic alcoholic. he agrees to participate in a program in which he takes daily medication. if he drinks even the smallest amount of alcohol, he will vomit and feel very ill. the behavioral technique being used here is_.
aversion therapy
which item is out of place here?
carl rogers
joseph breuer's "talking cure" led to an emotional release that he termed_.
catharsis
the core concept of operant conditioning therapies is _.
changing behavior by controlling the consequence of that behavior
_ founded the mental-health movement after he himself had been abused in a mental hospital.
clifford beers
according to the principles of assertiveness training, being assertive is different from being aggressive in that the first behavior involves_.
constructive and direct expression of feelings and preferences
_ is based on the idea that we cannot experience pleasant and unpleasant feelings at the same time.
counterconditioning
to treat a boy with an intense fear of rabbits, mary cover jones associated a pleasant stimulus (candy) with a feared stimulus (a rabbit) that was brought closer and closer. This therapeutic process is called_.
counterconditioning
which of the following refers to a behavior therapy technique that applies the principles of classical conditioning to replace unpleasant emotional responses to stimuli with more pleasant ones?
counterconditioning
what term describes the movement toward treating people with psychological disorders in community settings instead of mental hospitals?
deinstitutionalization
in_, the united states supreme court determined that a mental patient was entitled to treatment, not just custodial care.
donaldson v. o'connor
the most widely used form of biological therapy is_.
drug therapy
recent research has revealed that the therapist qualities most strongly related to therapy effectiveness are_.
empathy, personal warmth, and good training as a therapist
a fire destroys many of marlene's belongings. she becomes depressed. her therapist points out that this tragic event has activated her belief that nothing bad will ever happen to her and that her depression is a consequence of that belief. most likely, her therapist is_.
employing the R-E-B-T approach to therapy
one of the consequences of underfunded community mental health has been_.
former mental-hospital patients who lack family support often become homeless or are put in prison
Nathan's therapist encourages him to verbalize any thoughts or feelings that come into his mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial they seem. Nathan's therapist is encouraging_.
free-association
the goal of Freudian psychoanalysis is for the patient to _.
gain insight into repressed conflicts and experience catharsis
personal congruence, taking responsibility for one's own behavior, and living in the here and now are the central values of _.
gestalt therapy
which of the following refers to a type of humanistic therapy, developed by fritz perls, that encourages clients to become aware of their true feelings and to take responsibility for their own actions?
gestalt therapy
all of the following are recommended when choosing a therapist except_.
getting a relatively young therapist who knows the latest therapeutic techniques
benjamin rush's technique of whirling depressed people around in chairs to force more blood into their heads is reminiscent of whose theory of psychological disorders?
hippocrates
lisa's parents have always overindulged her, giving her lots of money, new cars, etc. as a result, lisa has never learned to work for and "earn" anything. lisa feels she "should be grateful" to her parents, but she keeps doing things to disappoint and hurt them. her therapist helps her get in touch with her true feelings of resentment and anger and to express them directly them directly in therapy. such techniques reflect the goals and values of _.
humanistic therapy
in the system known as transactional analysis, child is to adult as _.
id is to ego
nora is very afraid of dogs. at her therapist's suggestion, she agrees to hold in her mind an image of a dog looking at her and barring its teeth. this scenario describes the use of _.
imaginal flooding
what is meant by analysis of transference?
in psychoanalysis, the process by which the therapist interprets the feelings expressed by the client toward the therapist as being indicative of the feelings typically expressed by the client toward important people in his or her personal life
which of the following characteristics relates to catharsis?
in psychoanalysis, the release of repressed emotional energy as a consequence of insight into the unconscious causes of one's psychological problems
what name is given to a form of counterconditioning that trains the client to maintain a state of relaxation in the presence of anxiety inducing stimuli?
in vivo desensitization
what name is given to a form of counterconditioning that trains the client to maintain a state of relaxation in the presence of anxiety-inducing stimuli?
in vivo desensitization
aaron is very afraid of heights. he agrees to go with a therapist to the top of the tallest building in his city and look out and then down from the observation deck. this scenario describes the use of _.
in vivo flooding
which item is out of place here?
individual psychoanalysis
psychoanalysis is to behavior therapy as _
insight into unconscious conflicts is to changing maladaptive behaviors
psychoanalysis is to behavior therapy as_.
insight into unconscious conflicts is to changing maladaptive behaviors
which item is out of place here?
irrational negative beliefs
Rachel loves to watch televised tennis matches. she gets so absorbed that she fails to attend to her toddler son's activities. this has resulted in some slight injuries to him. her husband shakes his head and says, "I guess I just can't depend on you to watch television and take care of our son at the same time. i'll take over." this leads to increasing distance between Rachel and her son, as well as growing resentment from her husband. what would eric berne say about this scenario?
it involves crossed transactions and is maladaptive
how does ect relieve major depression?
it is not known exactly how ect works to reduce or relieve depression
a major criticism of drug therapy is that_.
it might relieve symptoms without changing the client's ability to cope with stress
the first stage of systematic desensitization is _.
learning to practice progressive relaxation
aaron beck's model of cognitive therapy has been found to be effective in treating_.
major depressive disorder
the core concept of aversion therapy is to_.
make a pleasurable, but maladaptive, behavior unpleasant by pairing it with a noxious stimulus
the core concept of all behavioral therapies is that_.
maladaptive behavior is learned, and therefore can be unlearned
the core concept of the biological orientation to treating psychological disorders is that they are caused by_.
malfunctions of the brain and will respond to treatments that correct this functioning
using_ to treat depression was discovered by physicians prescribing them for tuberculosis
mao inhibitors
the requirement of the duty to warn associated with tarasoff decision_.
may keep some people from seeking therapy
the requirement of the duty to warn associated with the tarasoff decision_.
may keep some people from seeking therapy
a cognitive therapist believes that depression and anxiety result from_
negative irrational beliefs
one of the major reasons for the dramatic decline in extended hospitalization for mental patients has been the use of _.
new drug therapies
diana is 4 years old and must undergo a medical procedure that requires her to sit perfectly still for several minutes. to prepare her for this, she watches a group of similar children play "statue". that is, when the nurse says, "statue!" the children freeze and undergo a simulated treatment session. when the nurse calls out, "person!" the children get a valued object. this "game" is using what learning technique?
participant-modeling
one way that contemporary psychodynamic therapy is different from traditional psychoanalysis is that the psychodynamic approach emphasizes_.
past and present social relationships
the idea that humane treatment, honest work, and pleasant recreational activities would help individuals with psychological disorders feel better was at the core of _.
philippe pinel's moral therapy
systematic desensitization has been very effective in treating_.
phobias
because most biological treatments involve medical procedures and drugs, they typically can be administered only be_.
psychiatrists and other physicians
because most biological treatments involve medical procedures and drugs, they typically can be administered only by_.
psychiatrists and other physicians
which of the following characteristics relates to mood stabilizers?
psychoactive drugs, most notably lithium carbonate, that are used to treat bipolar disorder
which of the following refers to the treatment of psychological disorders by destroying brain tissue?
psychosurgery
interaction between a professional therapist and a troubled or disturbed person for the purpose of helping that person is called_.
psychotherapy
what name is given to a type of cognitive therapy, developed by albert ellis, that treats psychological disorders by forcing the client to give up irrational beliefs?
rational-emotive behavior therapy (R-E-B-T)
the clients states, "after all my goofing around, if I can't pull myself together to study and do well on this paper, i'm going to flunk out of college. I can't stand thinking that." the therapist says, "you are worried that if you can't....you will flunk out of college. that must be painful to even consider." this therapist is _.
reflecting feelings and showing accurate empathy
the main technique employed by person-centered therapists is _.
reflection of feelings
a recent study found that systematic desensitization relieved anxiety because it _.
results in the release of endorphins
an undesirable side effect of ect is _.
retrograde amnesia
the basic concept behind the use of drug therapy is that these substances_.
return neurotransmitter activity to normal levels
after a terrible hurricane, dozens of people are killed and hundreds are left homeless. psychologists and other mental-health workers come from nearby communities to talk to individuals and families in crisis. Such programs are examples of _.
secondary prevention
in a recent study of community support services, people with schizophrenia who received training in psychosocial skills and were monitored while at a homeless shelter_.
showed a significant improvement in their symptoms when compared to a control group
a group of teenagers in a community where drug and alcohol abuse is common meet together and develop and practice ways of dealing with those who might pressure them into chemical abuse. they also watch adults model alternative ways of interacting and having fun. such groups really offer a form of _.
social-skills training
with proper safeguards and protections, punishment is sometimes used to _.
stop self-injurious behavior
what is the current status of psychosurgery of north america?
surgery is rare. instead, electrodes are inserted into the limbic system.
what term is used to describe a form of counterconditioning that trains the client to maintain a state of relaxation in the presence of imagined anxiety-inducing stimuli?
systematic desensitization
which of the following characteristics relates to psychoanalysis?
the early school of psychology that emphasized the importance of unconscious causes of behavior
you should be aware that the primary weakness of bibliotherapy is _.
the lack of scientific evaluation of the approaches taken in most books
what term describes a form of psychoanalytic group therapy, developed by eric berne, that helps clients change their immature or inappropriate ways of relating to other people?
transactional analysis
the psychotherapy client who admires, praises, and "falls in love" with his or her therapist is demonstrating positive_.
transference
no matter how much a therapist dislikes what a client reveals in therapy, the therapist remains nonjudgmental and accepting. the therapist is displaying_.
unconditional positive regard
patients with tardive dyskinesia exhibit_.
unusal motor movements such as lip smacking and grimacing