Psych Chapter 3

hypothalamus

controls regulatory systems and motivation

Acetylcholine

facilitates learning and memory

ovaries

female gonads

Serotonin

functions in mood regulation and aggression more than on memory.

Epinephrine

functions to provide energy bursts for mobilization

pituitary

gland that governs hormone release

Gonads

glands that govern male and female sexual behavior

GABA

has inhibitory effects. Without it, too much excitation in the brain can result in seizures.

Serotonin

helps to regulate mood.

estrogen

hormone with larger quantities in females

testosterone

hormone with larger quantities in males

Optogenetics

is a research method to study causal relationships between neurons firing and behavior.

amygdala

is involved in learning about biologically relevant stimuli, page 87 such as those important for survival and recognized facial expressions

Heritability

is the amount of a trait in a population that is accounted for by genetics.

testes

male gonads

Dopamine

regulates voluntary movements.

Glutamate

speeds up learning and memory. A loss of memory may have resulted from disruption in levels of this.

He will verbally report seeing nothing. He can select the cup from among several objects with his left hand.

A split-brain patient is shown a picture of a cup in his left visual field. Which behaviors would be expected? He can select the cup from among several objects with his left hand. He will verbally describe the cup. He will verbally report seeing nothing. He can select the cup from among several objects with his right hand.

peripheral somatic

Alicia is being tickled by her older sister. Which divisions of the nervous system are receiving the signals from her sister's fingers? somatic autonomic peripheral parasympathetic

speaking

Broca linked a loss of function in his patients to lesioned areas in the left hemisphere of their brains. What is the function of Broca's area? understanding language speaking personality dreaming

sending instructions from the brain to the eye muscles, in order to direct a person's gaze at a moving object sending instructions from the brain to the hand about how tightly to grasp a delicate object, such as an egg

Identify the functions that would be performed by either motor neurons sending information to the brain about muscular pain from prolonged exertion sending instructions from the brain to the hand about how tightly to grasp a delicate object, such as an egg sending instructions from the brain to the eye muscles, in order to direct a person's gaze at a moving object sending information to the brain about the discomfort on a person's skin from walking on hot sand at the beach

sending information to the brain about the discomfort on a person's skin from walking on hot sand at the beach sending information to the brain about muscular pain from prolonged exertion

Identify the functions that would be performed by either sensory neurons sending information to the brain about muscular pain from prolonged exertion sending instructions from the brain to the hand about how tightly to grasp a delicate object, such as an egg sending instructions from the brain to the eye muscles, in order to direct a person's gaze at a moving object sending information to the brain about the discomfort on a person's skin from walking on hot sand at the beach

pituitary gland levels of growth hormones

Jason is in middle school and below normal height for his age. Which of the following might a doctor check? levels of growth hormones adrenal gland levels of testosterone pituitary gland

phenotype

Mark's __ is his observable characteristics, which are determined by a combination of his genetic makeup and environmental influences

hypothalamus

On hot summer days, Devon relies on what brain structure to monitor his thirst and the need to drink more water? hypothalamus thalamus cerebellum

reuptake autoreception enzyme deactivation

Once a neurotransmitter has finished binding with the postsynaptic receptor site, which of the following occur at the end of the transmission? reuptake enzyme deactivation hyperpolarization autoreception depolarization

hippocampus

The ___ functions in learning and memory, especially the formation of new memories.

Dendrites receive chemical signals. When more excitatory than inhibitory signals are received, the cell depolarizes. An action potential is set off and travels through the cell and down the axon. The action potential excites the terminal buttons to release their chemicals into the synaptic cleft.

Place in order the events that occur when a neuron fires. Dendrites receive chemical signals. An action potential is set off and travels through the cell and down the axon. The action potential excites the terminal buttons to release their chemicals into the synaptic cleft. When more excitatory than inhibitory signals are received, the cell depolarizes.

They are more similar than fraternal twins raised together. They may be more alike than identical twins raised together. They share many personality and behavioral traits.

Ralph and Harry are identical twins who were raised apart and reunited as adults. Which of the following statements are accurate? They are more similar than fraternal twins raised together. They share many personality and behavioral traits. They are no more similar than fraternal twins raised apart. They may be more alike than identical twins raised together.

cerebral cortex

The ___ ___ enables us to comprehend ourselves, other people, and the outside world.

pituitary gland

The ___ ___ governs the release of hormones, including growth hormones.

basal ganglia

The ___ ____ are involved in moving and planning motor activity.

sympathetic

The ___ division of the nervous system activates the body for action and arousal.

parasympathetic

The ___ division of the nervous system calms down the body to return to normal.

left

The ___ hemisphere's propensity to construct a world that makes sense is called the interpreter. This term means that this hemisphere is interpreting what the page 95 right hemisphere has done with only the information that is available to it

temporal

The ___ lobe is involved with auditory processing.

frontal

The ___ lobe is involved with planning, critical thinking, and movement.

parietal

The ___ lobe is involved with processing pressure, touch, and spatial relations.

occipital

The ___ lobe is involved with visual processing.

peripheral

The ___ nervous system encompasses every body part other than the brain and spinal cord.

autonomic

The ___ nervous system regulates the body's glands (like sweat glands) and internal organs (like the heart).

hormone

The growth ___ stimulates growth in bone, muscles, and cartilage.

autonomic sympathetic peripheral

When Andrew proposes to Heidi, her heartbeat quickens, her pupils dilate, and her breath quickens as she answers, "Yes!" Which parts of the nervous system are activating these responses? autonomic somatic parasympathetic sympathetic peripheral

Growing up in the same home has relatively little influence on many traits. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because of genetic factors.

Which of the following conclusions about the relative contributions of genes versus environment on behavioral and psychological traits is supported by behavioral genetics research? Growing up in the same home has relatively little influence on many traits. Being raised in the same home can cause even nonrelated siblings to be similar. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because of environmental factors. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because of genetic factors.

peripheral somatic

Which parts of the nervous system would send messages from a person's sore knee to alert him or her to stop running and rest? somatic autonomic peripheral central

dendrites soma axon terminal buttons

___: receives chemicals from other neurons ___: integrates and stores information ___: conducts electrical impulse ___: holds and releases chemicals into the synaptic cleft axon, dendrites, terminal buttons, soma

Epinephrine,

also known as adrenaline, provides a burst of energy to respond to events.

Endorphins

are released to reduce pain and increase pleasure.

amygdala

what brain structure allows Brian can tell by the look on the lost child's face that she is frightened.

basal ganglia

what brain structure allows Catherine is able to plan and execute her service return against a tennis opponent

hypothalamus

what brain structure allows Ian really wants to eat because he is hungry.

cerebral cortex

what brain structure allows Sheila is able to reflect upon her unusual behavior around the boy she just met

hippocampus

what brain structure allows Susan remembers the names of the people she met at the party.

central nervous system

what system do the brain and spinal cord belong to?

parasympathetic nervous system

what system is sympathy part of?

peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system

what systems are your glands and internal organs communicate with brain and spinal?

peripheral nervous system somatic nervous system

what systems is your skin, muscle, and joints send signals to the spinal cord and brain and brain and spinal cord send signals to skin, muscle, and joints apart of?

smaller language processing less impaired after strokes language process in both hemisphere

which are more of female brains? smaller language processing less impaired after strokes larger language process in both hemisphere language process in the left hemisphere language processing more impaired after strokes

larger language process in the left hemisphere language processing more impaired after strokes

which are more of male brains? smaller language processing less impaired after strokes larger language process in both hemisphere language process in the left hemisphere language processing more impaired after strokes