Psych Chapter 3
hypothalamus
controls regulatory systems and motivation
Acetylcholine
facilitates learning and memory
ovaries
female gonads
Serotonin
functions in mood regulation and aggression more than on memory.
Epinephrine
functions to provide energy bursts for mobilization
pituitary
gland that governs hormone release
Gonads
glands that govern male and female sexual behavior
GABA
has inhibitory effects. Without it, too much excitation in the brain can result in seizures.
Serotonin
helps to regulate mood.
estrogen
hormone with larger quantities in females
testosterone
hormone with larger quantities in males
Optogenetics
is a research method to study causal relationships between neurons firing and behavior.
amygdala
is involved in learning about biologically relevant stimuli, page 87 such as those important for survival and recognized facial expressions
Heritability
is the amount of a trait in a population that is accounted for by genetics.
testes
male gonads
Dopamine
regulates voluntary movements.
Glutamate
speeds up learning and memory. A loss of memory may have resulted from disruption in levels of this.
He will verbally report seeing nothing. He can select the cup from among several objects with his left hand.
A split-brain patient is shown a picture of a cup in his left visual field. Which behaviors would be expected? He can select the cup from among several objects with his left hand. He will verbally describe the cup. He will verbally report seeing nothing. He can select the cup from among several objects with his right hand.
peripheral somatic
Alicia is being tickled by her older sister. Which divisions of the nervous system are receiving the signals from her sister's fingers? somatic autonomic peripheral parasympathetic
speaking
Broca linked a loss of function in his patients to lesioned areas in the left hemisphere of their brains. What is the function of Broca's area? understanding language speaking personality dreaming
sending instructions from the brain to the eye muscles, in order to direct a person's gaze at a moving object sending instructions from the brain to the hand about how tightly to grasp a delicate object, such as an egg
Identify the functions that would be performed by either motor neurons sending information to the brain about muscular pain from prolonged exertion sending instructions from the brain to the hand about how tightly to grasp a delicate object, such as an egg sending instructions from the brain to the eye muscles, in order to direct a person's gaze at a moving object sending information to the brain about the discomfort on a person's skin from walking on hot sand at the beach
sending information to the brain about the discomfort on a person's skin from walking on hot sand at the beach sending information to the brain about muscular pain from prolonged exertion
Identify the functions that would be performed by either sensory neurons sending information to the brain about muscular pain from prolonged exertion sending instructions from the brain to the hand about how tightly to grasp a delicate object, such as an egg sending instructions from the brain to the eye muscles, in order to direct a person's gaze at a moving object sending information to the brain about the discomfort on a person's skin from walking on hot sand at the beach
pituitary gland levels of growth hormones
Jason is in middle school and below normal height for his age. Which of the following might a doctor check? levels of growth hormones adrenal gland levels of testosterone pituitary gland
phenotype
Mark's __ is his observable characteristics, which are determined by a combination of his genetic makeup and environmental influences
hypothalamus
On hot summer days, Devon relies on what brain structure to monitor his thirst and the need to drink more water? hypothalamus thalamus cerebellum
reuptake autoreception enzyme deactivation
Once a neurotransmitter has finished binding with the postsynaptic receptor site, which of the following occur at the end of the transmission? reuptake enzyme deactivation hyperpolarization autoreception depolarization
hippocampus
The ___ functions in learning and memory, especially the formation of new memories.
Dendrites receive chemical signals. When more excitatory than inhibitory signals are received, the cell depolarizes. An action potential is set off and travels through the cell and down the axon. The action potential excites the terminal buttons to release their chemicals into the synaptic cleft.
Place in order the events that occur when a neuron fires. Dendrites receive chemical signals. An action potential is set off and travels through the cell and down the axon. The action potential excites the terminal buttons to release their chemicals into the synaptic cleft. When more excitatory than inhibitory signals are received, the cell depolarizes.
They are more similar than fraternal twins raised together. They may be more alike than identical twins raised together. They share many personality and behavioral traits.
Ralph and Harry are identical twins who were raised apart and reunited as adults. Which of the following statements are accurate? They are more similar than fraternal twins raised together. They share many personality and behavioral traits. They are no more similar than fraternal twins raised apart. They may be more alike than identical twins raised together.
cerebral cortex
The ___ ___ enables us to comprehend ourselves, other people, and the outside world.
pituitary gland
The ___ ___ governs the release of hormones, including growth hormones.
basal ganglia
The ___ ____ are involved in moving and planning motor activity.
sympathetic
The ___ division of the nervous system activates the body for action and arousal.
parasympathetic
The ___ division of the nervous system calms down the body to return to normal.
left
The ___ hemisphere's propensity to construct a world that makes sense is called the interpreter. This term means that this hemisphere is interpreting what the page 95 right hemisphere has done with only the information that is available to it
temporal
The ___ lobe is involved with auditory processing.
frontal
The ___ lobe is involved with planning, critical thinking, and movement.
parietal
The ___ lobe is involved with processing pressure, touch, and spatial relations.
occipital
The ___ lobe is involved with visual processing.
peripheral
The ___ nervous system encompasses every body part other than the brain and spinal cord.
autonomic
The ___ nervous system regulates the body's glands (like sweat glands) and internal organs (like the heart).
hormone
The growth ___ stimulates growth in bone, muscles, and cartilage.
autonomic sympathetic peripheral
When Andrew proposes to Heidi, her heartbeat quickens, her pupils dilate, and her breath quickens as she answers, "Yes!" Which parts of the nervous system are activating these responses? autonomic somatic parasympathetic sympathetic peripheral
Growing up in the same home has relatively little influence on many traits. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because of genetic factors.
Which of the following conclusions about the relative contributions of genes versus environment on behavioral and psychological traits is supported by behavioral genetics research? Growing up in the same home has relatively little influence on many traits. Being raised in the same home can cause even nonrelated siblings to be similar. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because of environmental factors. Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins because of genetic factors.
peripheral somatic
Which parts of the nervous system would send messages from a person's sore knee to alert him or her to stop running and rest? somatic autonomic peripheral central
dendrites soma axon terminal buttons
___: receives chemicals from other neurons ___: integrates and stores information ___: conducts electrical impulse ___: holds and releases chemicals into the synaptic cleft axon, dendrites, terminal buttons, soma
Epinephrine,
also known as adrenaline, provides a burst of energy to respond to events.
Endorphins
are released to reduce pain and increase pleasure.
amygdala
what brain structure allows Brian can tell by the look on the lost child's face that she is frightened.
basal ganglia
what brain structure allows Catherine is able to plan and execute her service return against a tennis opponent
hypothalamus
what brain structure allows Ian really wants to eat because he is hungry.
cerebral cortex
what brain structure allows Sheila is able to reflect upon her unusual behavior around the boy she just met
hippocampus
what brain structure allows Susan remembers the names of the people she met at the party.
central nervous system
what system do the brain and spinal cord belong to?
parasympathetic nervous system
what system is sympathy part of?
peripheral nervous system autonomic nervous system
what systems are your glands and internal organs communicate with brain and spinal?
peripheral nervous system somatic nervous system
what systems is your skin, muscle, and joints send signals to the spinal cord and brain and brain and spinal cord send signals to skin, muscle, and joints apart of?
smaller language processing less impaired after strokes language process in both hemisphere
which are more of female brains? smaller language processing less impaired after strokes larger language process in both hemisphere language process in the left hemisphere language processing more impaired after strokes
larger language process in the left hemisphere language processing more impaired after strokes
which are more of male brains? smaller language processing less impaired after strokes larger language process in both hemisphere language process in the left hemisphere language processing more impaired after strokes