PSYCH EXAM 6
Partial reinforcement
reinforce only some of the responses, and extinction is much slower animal doesn't understand rules have changed keeps a more long term response cause it takes longer to learn (i think)
Generalization
responding increases in the precense of a new stimulus that resembles an old stimulus
Operant Conditioning big bang theory
this mans keeps giving this chick chocolate every time she does something he likes so she keeps doing it positive reinforcement
UCR
unconditioned response unlearned
UCS
unconditioned stimulus unlearned
Skinner experiment
used pigeons and rats to train them to make a response using different stimuli
another generalization example
when professor Irene teaches you how to take a multiple choice test, you can use those skills for other classes too-- the skill are generalizable
Punishment
when you want a behavior to stop
Reinforcement
when you want to increase a behavior
positive reinforcement
when you want to increase a behavior so you give something they like
negative reinforcement
when you want to increase a behavior so you take away something they don't like
Classical conditioning experiments
1. Trial 2. Acquisition (don't need to know) 3. Extinction 4. Generalization 5. Discrimination
example of discrimination
Muffin the dog barked and got happy when she heard Evan's car but would not bark and get happy if she heard a different car
example of discrimination in operant conditioning
Prof Irene uses cuss words when teaching college kids but NOT when teaching little bible babies
Alcohol Chart
UCS: Fireball alc ------> UCR: vomit + (association) CS: crest cinnamon toothpaste ---> CR: vomit
classical conditioning at BGSU chart
UCS: airsoft gun -----> UCR: roommate flinches + (association) CS: easy button-------> CR: roommate flinches
Taste Aversion chart
UCS: bacteria on taco -----> UCR: nausea/vomit + (Association) CS: seeing any taco --------> CR: nausea/vomit
Phobia chart
UCS: bit by a dog -----> UCR: get scared + (association) CS: any other dog -----> CR: get scared
PAVLOV Chart Example
UCS: dog food -------> UCR: Dog salivates +(association) CS: Rings Bells --------> CR: Dog salivates
Little albert Chart
UCS: loud noise ----> UCR: baby cries + (association) CS: white rat -----> CR: baby cries
stupid AXE commercial chart
UCS: sexy ladies coming at u ----> UCR:"excited" + (association) CS: AXE body spray -----> CR: "excited"
skinner box
a cage w limited stimuli only lever and food tray
Definition of Learning
a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience not due to maturation or temporary conditions
Generalization
a stimuli similar to the CS also elicits the same response the CS is being generalized
baseline phase
animal makes a response and nothing happens rat presses lever and nothing happens pigeon presses key and nothing happens but then they learn wait actually why do you need this tho
Acquisition phase
animal makes the response and gets the reward rat presses lever, and gets food pigeon presses key, and gets food
Discrimination in operant conditioning
animals learn to make responses in some cases but not others
learning in animals
animals learn too, not just humans they're used to model learning
pavlov results
any dog would salivate to food when they're hungry thats unlearned but pavlov realized that he could classically condition dogs to associate something neutral (bell CS) with dog food (UCS) and get them to salivate
stupid AXE commercial results
any mans gonna get soup in his pants if he sees some sexy ladies but you've been classically conditioned when you actually believe that axe body spray is that reason and you continue to buy it
Phobia results
any would be be scared and fearful if they got bit by dog...unlearned but you've been classically conditioned now so when you see any other dog then you get scared too which is the development of a phobia cause obviously not all dogs are gonna bite you ya heard
taste aversion results
anyone would feel like ass if they ate a shit taco don't need no teaching for dat but you've been classically conditioned when you see a neutral taco and it makes you feel like ass too
results of classical conditioning and BGSU
anyone would flinch to an airsoft gun being shot at them thats an unlearned response but this one dude classically conditioned his roomy to flinch to the sound of the "that was easy" button by pressing it (CS) before shooting him with an airsoft gun (UCS) which would cause him to flinch to something completely neutral
alcohol results
anyone would vomit if they dumb and drink too much fireball. Again, UNLEARNED BITCH but you've been classically conditioned when you smell cinnamon (which is also in fireball) toothpaste and it makes you feel sicky
Classical Conditioning
association learning the association between 2 stimuli pairs 2 stimuli works with involuntary responses PAVLOV'S DOGS
Little Albert experiment background info
baby of a year old experimenter: John Watson he was interested to see wether or not he could condition a baby to fear something neutral (wtf) basically condition him to fear something he liked baby wasn't afraid of fire, monkeys, dogs, or bunnies really liked the white rat tho (also wtf) watson uses the rat and tries to get albert to fear the rat by using a loud noise bc babies hate loud noises (again wtf is this experiment)
Discrimination
basically opposite of Generalization when one can distinguish one stimulus from another and respond differently to each
animal example of operant conditioning
bro im mf tired btw cats have learned ways to get the owners to get up and do what they want. they learned that scratching the door at 5 am gets the owner awake and then cats will get food operant conditioning comes in when owner wants to decrease the response (punishment) and knows that the cat hates the vacuum so owner puts the vacuum in their face (gives them something they don't like) so they stop scratching the door -sorry that was a weird ass way of phrasing an example but this is positive punishment
CR
conditioned response learned
CS
conditioned stimulus learned
Pavlov's dogs experiment
dogs salivate when you put food in their mouths naturally dogs started to learn the experimental process and salivate when they anticipated food Pavlov classically conditioned them to salivate to neutral things associated w/ food they salivated to food in a dish pavlov wanted to know if he could use anything to get them to salivate pavlov uses a bell to classically condition dogs to salivate to dogs learn that the ringing of the bell means food so they salivate to it aka they've been classically conditioned
Pavlov dog generalization example
dogs were conditioned to salivate to a bell but they could also be conditioned to salivate to a doorbell or a ringtone the CS is generalizable
Trial
each paired presentation of the UCS and CS
Serendipity
fate or a happy accident
example of animals learning
fish comes up to the top of the fish tank when they see your hand/shadow because they've learned that it means food is coming
example of generalization in operant conditioning
guy gets first girlfriend flowers and she reacts in a way he likes so the next girlfriend he's learned to get this girl flowers too
Associative Learning
learn about the relationship between a stimulus and something else
Operant Conditioning
learning the association between a stimulus and a response learn responses because they operate (affect) on the environment the consequences of the response affect the likelihood that the response will be repeated reinforcement: want an increase in the behavior punishment: want a decrease in the behavior
Taste Aversion
one trial learning because you only need to have food-poisoning once to not eat that food or at that place ever again because of survival instincts, you need to know what can hurt you to stay alive
Operant Conditioning Chart Example ROOMIE ADDITION
positive reinforcement: you want them to wash the dishes, so you GIVE them chocolate negative reinforcement: you want them to wash the dishes so you finish their math hw or sumthin (sounds like ass but whatever) aka take away the need for them to do their math hw which is something they dislike Positive punishment: you want them to stfu when youre tryna sleep so you give them lots of yelling and nagging Negative Punishment: you want them to stfu when youre tryna sleep so you blast sicko mode and take away their ability to sleep when they tired LOL
Extinction phase
stop reinforcing operant response rat presses lever, no food pigeon presses key, no food
Extinction
the CR is gradually weakened, and then disappears this takes time
Little albert generalization example
the moment he gives little albert the white rat, he strucks a loud noise and then albert cries but will he generalize w a another animal like a bunny or dog? he seems upset by the bunny and dog so watson believes he's been generalized
familiarity effect
the more you see something thats neutral, the more you will like it
little albert results
wow shocker the baby cries when it hears a loud noise duh....unlearned but the baby was classically conditioned to cry/ be afraid of something it previously liked (the rat) because the white rat (CS) was presented before the loud noise (UCS) so little albert associated the rat w the fact that a loud ass sound is coming and started fearing the rat
pitbull video extinction example
you present a pitbull dog without the pitbull dog biting expose him to his fears: exposure
how do you do extinction
you present the CS without the UCS so then the CS is no longer predictive that the UCS is coming
pavlov dog extinction example
you present the bell and do not give the dog food
Negative Punishment
you want to decrease a behavior so you take away something they like
Positive Punishment
you want to decrease the behavior so you give something they don't like
UCS + CS
youre learning the association between the UCS and CS you must present the CS before the UCS must present the bell before the dog food so they learn the association between the two