Psych exam 6

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder? a. being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards b. surviving a hurricane that destroyed a city c. a fire to one's home that left no remains d. reading about the death of dozens of people in a terrible airplane crash

a

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. a. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania b. never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode c. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression d. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired

a

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode. a. manic b. psychotic c. dissociative d. body dysmorphic

a

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails? a. aversive conditioning b. flooding c. systematic desensitization d. exposure therapy

a

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality? a. avoidant personality disorder b. schizotypal personality disorder c. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder d. dependent personality disorder

a

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. a. a token economy b. classical conditioning c. rational emotive therapy d. client-centered therapy

a

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________. a. that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy b. in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences c. in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms d. characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

a

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? a. borderline personality disorder b. avoidant personality disorder c. schizotypal personality disorder d. antisocial personality disorder

a

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder. a. 95 b. 99 c. 80 d. 65

a

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? a. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts b. conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles c. generalized anxiety and specific phobias d. obsession with the suffering of others

a

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? a. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts b. generalized anxiety and specific phobias c. conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles d. obsession with the suffering of others

a

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? a. Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. b. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. c. Gemma is very impulsive—as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it. d. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention.

a

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight. What kind of depression does Alexis have? a. bipolar b. seasonal pattern c. peripartum/postpartum d. persistent depressive

b

Christine and Susan have been together for 3 years and are thinking about getting married. Lately all they seem to do is fight, as they have trouble communicating over the slightest issue. Both are unhappy and are each thinking that they may need to call off the wedding. They go to see a(n) ________ therapist who might help them work through these communication issues and to help them build collaborative problem-solving strategies. a. family b. couples c. group d. psychoeducational

b

Christine and Susan have been together for 3 years and are thinking about getting married. Lately all they seem to do is fight, as they have trouble communicating over the slightest issue. Both are unhappy and are each thinking that they may need to call off the wedding. They go to see a(n) ________ therapist who might help them work through these communication issues and to help them build collaborative problem-solving strategies. a. psychoeducational b. couples c. group d. family

b

Dr. Piccolo is working with a family and determines that the parents do not make rules together and often contradict each other. This leads to confusion among the children who act out because they don't understand what is expected of them in the home. She helps them to get "on the same page" with regard to each family member's place in the home and helps the parents work on their own relationship as co-parents. This is called ________ family therapy. a. triangular b. structural c. humanistic d. strategic

b

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs. a. exposition b. intake c. evaluation d. admission

b

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? a. RET b. play therapy c. ECT d. cognitive-behavioral therapy

b

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this? a. jumping to conclusions b. overgeneralization c. beating a dead horse d. all-or-nothing thinking

b

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails? a. flooding b. aversive conditioning c. exposure therapy d. systematic desensitization

b

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________. a. obsessions b. safety behaviors c. cognitive restructures d. ruminations

b

The amount of time a client spends in psychotherapy is determined by the client's needs as well as his or her ________. a. insurance coverage b. personal goals c. psychotherapist's training d. age

b

What kind of family therapy involves the therapist guiding the therapy session and developing treatment plans for each family member's specific problem? a. structural b. strategic c. solution-focused d. cotherapeutic

b

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder. a. bipolar b. schizotypal personality c. posttraumatic stress d. panic

c

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs. a. evaluation b. admission c. intake d. exposition

c

In a study of several thousand women, it was found that rates of bulimia nervosa was more prevalent among _________ women when compared to non-Hispanic whites. a. Hispanic and Asian-American b. Native American and Pacific Islander c. Hispanic and African American d. Eastern and Western European

c

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. a. client-centered therapy b. rational emotive therapy c. a token economy d. classical conditioning

c

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. a. phobic b. stress-related c. obsessive-compulsive d. personality

c

The amount of time a client spends in psychotherapy is determined by the client's needs as well as his or her ________. a. age b. psychotherapist's training c. personal goals d. insurance coverage

c

A psychological disorder is a ________. a. medical condition that has identifiable neurological causes b. set of situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings c. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors d. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

d

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? a. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. b. People who grow up with a depressed parent usually become depressed themselves. c. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. d. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

d

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? a. People who grow up with a depressed parent usually become depressed themselves. b. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. c. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. d. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

d

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this? a. paranoid b. disorganized c. grandiose d. somatic

d

How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis? a. Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams. b. In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. c. Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking. d. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

d

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? a. classical conditioning counseling b. client-centered therapy c. systematic desensitization d. cognitive-behavioral therapy

d

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits. a. neurological b. diathesis-stress c. biological d. supernatural

d

What is comorbidity? a. mental disorder leading to death b. having two causes for a single disorder c. having two causes of death d. co-occurrence of two disorders

d

What is meant by the term etiology? a. likely future path of an illness b. frequency with which a given illness occurs c. the different symptoms of a given condition d. the cause of a disorder

d

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy? a. behavior affects social interaction b. emotions affect thoughts c. social interaction affects emotions d. thoughts affect actions

d

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. prefrontal cortex b. cingulate cortex c. anterior cortex d. orbitofrontal cortex

d

Which of the following choices is an emphasis of humanistic approaches to psychotherapy? a. the client's unconscious desires b. the client's early infancy c. the client's recent past d. the client's present and future

d

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? a. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood b. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks c. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance d. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

d

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? a. history of previous suicide attempts b. alcohol dependence c. have access to lethal weapons, such as firearms d. being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

d

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia? a. serotonin and norephinephrine b. gamma-aminobutyric acid and oxytocin c. norephinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid d. dopamine and serotonin

d

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? a. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior. b. Behavior can be conditioned. c. Thoughts cannot be changed. d. How you think determines how you feel.

d