PSYCH FINAL

Which of the following is one of the most common concerns about Carron-Bard theory

the theory says that emotion occur independently from the environment

_____ tells us whether we are falling and provides cues to whether our body is changing speed

the vestibular sense

Which best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intellgicence

there are multiple intelligence which are influenced by different areas in the brain

in the context of the theories of intelligence, which of the following statements is true of creative people

they appreciate art and music

Which of the following statements is true of hormones

they are secreted directly into the bloodstream

according to piaget's theory of cognitive development which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage

they center on the motives of wrongdoers as wells on the amount of damage done when assigning blame

One potential reason why women and certain ethic groups are significantly affected by alcohol is because

they produced less aldehyde dehydrogenase than other groups

derris's mom used to give him gold starts on their refrigerator whenever he would help out around the house. If derris earned enough gold stars, then he could have some ice cream after dinner. This type of reward system is called a

token economy

Derryl has been a cocaine addict for over three years. He is a regular user of the drug. His body is not habituated to the drug, and hence he requires twice as much cocaine as he did initially to achieve similar effects. In the scenario, Derryl is displaying

tolerance

sean's client, jacob, had quickly become unusually close to him, almost as if they were brothers. The term for this according to psychodnalistic therapy is what?

transference

which of the following is a new taste that was recently added to the primarily taste qualities

umami

The embryo is connected to the placenta by the

umbilical cord

The ______ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression

unconscious

michaela works as waiters and she knows that the more tables she waits on the better the likelihood of more tips. This schedule is a

variable- ratio schedule

Every morning, Jaclyn's parents watch for the school bus to arrive. They repeadtly are looking out the window to see if the bus has arrived. This schedule is a

variable-interval schedule

if you are having trouble with balance, it would most likely be a problem with your _______ system

vestibular

behavior-therapy methods for reducing fears include

virtual therapy

Which of the following senses is dominated in human beings

vision

In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watched a film of an automobile accident, then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling?

whether the words used in the questions suggested greater speed

Clark Hull drive reduction theory states that

yuans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal

Daniella thinks that she is extremely overweight despite having a normal body weight. She avoids eating food and has recently lost a lot of weight. Despite this, she continues to think that she is overweight. Which eating disorder is Daniella most likely to suffer from

Anoreixa Nervousa

When you are training a pet, you are most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives?

Behavioral

Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She appears to understand what is said to her, but her responses are slow and laborious. Her sentences are always incomplete with important grammatical words missing. Which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case?

Broca's aphasia

Celia is taking an interest inventory. One of the questions asks her to select her preferred activity from among traveling, reading books, and cooking. The question does not give her a "none of the above" option. What is the formal of the interst inventory called

Forced-choice format

When a child utters the word "mama" it may signify meaning as varied as "There goes Mama" "Come here, Mama" and "You are my Mamma" Such single words used by children to express complex meaning are known as

Holophrases

Which of the following statements is true of absolute threshold

It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found

_____ refers to a "sleep attack" in which a person falls asleep suddenly and irresistibly.

Narcolepsy

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method

Psychologist are guided by the principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method

According to your text, which of the following is NOT a reason for dreaming?

Role Theory

Jenny is preparing for an English test, and her brother is playing music loudly in the next room. She focuses on reading her English text books and ignores the music. In this scenario, Jenny is using

Selective attention

Kris, an eight-year old girl, sometimes walks in her sleep. She also responds to questions while she is up and about. However, when she wakes up in the morning, she does not remember the indecent. In the context of sleep disorders, Kris is exhibiting symptoms of

Somnambulism

Sleepwalking typically occurs during

Stage 4

In the context of altering consciousness through drugs, ________ is a problem characterized by the loss of control over consumption, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

Substance use disorder

According to the American Psychological Association Handbook of Ethics in Psychology, which of the following criteria must be met for psychologist to use deception in their experiments

The participants are debriefed afterward

Is the context of the drive-reduction theory, which of the following is true of acquired drives?

They are developed through experiences

Which of the following is true of collectivist

They are more likely to conform to group judgments

Which of the following stamens is true of amphetamines

They provide a eutrophic rush when consumed in high doses

Proper to conditioning, Michael salivates in response to lasagna paced in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, the food would be labeled the ______, while Michael salvaging would be labeled the _____

Unconditional stimulus, unconditioned response

Which of the following statement is true of the biological views that explain the origins of anxiety diorders

a predisposition toward anxiety, in the form of a highly reactive autonomic nervous system, can be inherited

which of the following terms denotes a trick of perceptual constancies on the eye

a visual illusion

Bobby was standing in line to purchase a movie ticket. All of a sudden, the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot. Bobby immediately felt pain in his foot. This sensation was transmitted in the spinal cord and the brain through

afferent neurons

which of the following is not a characteristic of psychological haridness

aggression

Which of the following statements is true of hanging attitudes through persuasion

agreement and praise are more effective ways to encourage others to embrace one's views

_______ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

altruism

If you are upset over something that you saw on the social medial, most likely your ______ is highly active right now

amygdala

Chelsea sells used cars and she has noticed over the years that when you initially quote a high price for a car people tend to not have a drastically different counteroffer. This is an example of

an anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor recommends that she take some drugs. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking?

an antidepressant

when Brenda takes the elevator, she always faces the front. She does this even when there are no written rules or laws that require this behavior. This is an example of _______

an implicit social norm

suzanne Koshea and her colleagues studied business executives who seemed able to resist illness despite stress. In one phases of the research, executives, completed a battery of psychological test, and the researchers found that the psychological hardy executes tended to

appraise change as an interesting incentive to personal growth

according to Jung's hypothesis which of the following refers to the primitive images contained to the collective unconcious

archetypes

A two-year old child has a pet dog named Sophie. The child vitals for neighbor and sees the neighbors pet dog. Even though the neighbor dog is larger and of a different color, the child points to it and calls its dog. Which of the Paiget's cognitive processes is the child demonstrating

assimilation

according to the ethnologist Konrad Lorenz, ______ only occurs during a critical period of development

attachment

The ____ is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat and respiration

autonomic nervous system

In order for tonya to stop smoking, her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of technique that Tonya's therapist is using

aversive conditioning

According to Ainesworth, infants who sh0w ______ are least distressed by their mother's departure, play by themselves without fuss, and ignore their mothers when they return

avoidant attachment

Which of the following statement is true of prelingustic vocalizations

babies' babbling frequently combines constants and vowels

Baby sam; s dad could not stop laughing because every time he touched the soles of his feet his toes would tan out. In this scenario, the baby exhibited the

babinski reflex

in the context of evidence based practices, which of the following treatments would be most effective in treating depression and develop disabilities and bedwetting

behavior therapy

tom was suffering from severe anxiety, However, with the help of his therapist he noticed that his check would start to twitch prior to anxiety attack. This technique is most similar to

biofeedback training

The ____ perspective works to the assumption that thoughts, fairness, and dreams- and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of the various species- are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain

biological

_________ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness.

biological factors

Pansy is romantically and sexually attracted to both males and females. She is most likely to be labeled

bisexual

people with ______ alternative between extremes of adulation in their relationship when their needs are met and loathing when they feel scorned

borderline personality disorder

In relation to the question of what determines intelligence, most psychologist agree that

both Meredith and environment are important in darting intellgicen

Which of the following is a similarly between adolensce and emerging adulthood

both are ages of feeling in-between

Mary has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Mary has:

both positive and negative symptoms

the tendency to avoid helping other people in emergencies when other people are also present and apparently

bystander effect

_______ believed that general intelligence was responsible for overall performance on mental ability levels

charles spearman

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development

children bring neurological prewriting to language learning

Ophelia is 51 year old. She has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night. More often than not, she finds himself feeling pressimistic and unmotivated. She also has a certain amount of anxiety. Ophelia is most likely experiencing the _____ of middle adulthood

climacteric phase

On a(n) ______ level, prejudice is linked to expectations that members of the target group will behave poorly, say, in the workplace, or engage in criminal behavior or terroism

cognitive

______ primary study how we perceived and mental represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan, problem solve, and use language

cognitive psychologist

jack's therapist susan wants him to recall significant points about his recent appraisal to help him cope with his work more efficiently, in this scenario, Susan is using

cognitive therapy

Visual activity is highest when images are focused on the fovea because of high concentration of _______ in the region

cones

someone who does not run on the wrong side of the mad because its the law is exhibiting which stage of moral reasoning

conventional

a number of people with severe cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of the _____ is severed

corpus callosum

An association among variable is known as

correlation

A(n) ____ expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of relationships between two variables

correlation coefficient

____ is defined as a way of evaluation the claims and comments of other people that involve skepticism and examination of evidence

critical thinking

The loudness of sound is expressed in

decibels (dB)

People withdrawing from chronic alcohol use may experience ____ with heavy sweating, restlessness, disorientation, and fighting hallucinations

delirium tremens

it seemed that no matter what you were talking about, Sam always thought you were taking about him. What type of delusion is he most likely suffering from

delusion of reference

Steve's physical has prescribed him valium for his anxiety attacks. This drug will

depress the activity of the CNS

The Atkinson- Shriffin's model of state's of memory intends to

determine whether and for how long information is retained in memory

Jeff's dog barks and growls at the sound of stranger's car pulling into his driveway, yet the dog wags its tail and get excited at the sound of Jeff's car. In this scenario, the difference in the dog's reaction to the sound in Jeff's car and that of a stranger's car is due to

discrimination

____ is the quality of language that permits one to communicate information about objects and events in another time and place

displacement

Cory was driving when his car met with an accident. His friend, who was sitting in the car with him, was killed in that accident. However, Corey escaped uninjured. When he woke up the next morning, he could not recall where he was or what had happened that previous night. He is most likely exhibiting

dissociative amnesia

_____ is the loss of memory of personal information that is thought to stem from psychological conflict or trauma

dissociative amnesia

in the context of the origins of dissociative disorders, both psychondymanic and learning theories suggest that

dissociative disorders help people keep disturbing memories or ideas out of mind

nearsightedness can result when the eyeball is elongated such that the images of

distant objects are focused in front of the retina

schizophrenia is characterized by

distrubances in thought and language, perception and attention, moto activity, and mood

In _____, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course

divergent thinking

nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of

dopamine

Derris is a research assistant in Dr. Smith's Psychology lab. When the participant asked him the condition of the study were, Derris replied " I do not know" This is an example of a _____ study

double-blind

Tom a high school senior is very clear that he wants to study medicine. He spends the summer volunteering at hospitals and studies very hard for all his test. He subscribes to medical journals to that he does not miss out on development in the medical field. Tom is determined to study at Harvard Medical School. According to Erickson's theory of psychological development, Tom is demonstrating

ego identity

Mr. Rupp's memory has always been specular. He can see an image, like a painting or a page in a book, and recall exactly all of the details of either one. Mr. Rupp's ability to remember these specific details is known as

eidetic imagery

which of the following statements is true of aggression

electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many lower animals

the ______ monitors brain waves and can be used to each people how to produce alpha waves which are associated with relaxation

electroencepholgraph

according to the different kinds of support for coping with stress ______ involves listening to people's problems and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance

emotional concern

According to James and Lange, _____ are the cognitive representations of autonomic physiological and behavior response

emotions

in client centered therapy ______ refers to the recognition of a clients experience and feelings

empathy

Mark and Mindy have two daughters. The older daughter moved to a different city to purse her graduate studies a few years ago. Recently, their younger daughter also moved to a different country to her undergrate studies. Now, Molly is bereft and is unable to figure out what to do with her free time. This scenario best illustrates the

empty-nest syndrome

______ intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety

epinephrine

_____ stress is considered healthful

eustress

when Shania is about to being her speech in class, she notices that a few of her classmates are whispering among themselves. She becomes nervous that she might be boring to her audience and gets distracted. In this scenario, the presence of the classmates is not likely to fallicate her performance due to _______

evolution apprehension

______ in part reflects the hours of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide, frequent events in the 20th century

exiteralinalism

which of the following statements is true of groupthink?

external threat heightens to cohesiveness of the group and is a source of stress

Which of the following statement about suicide are correct

extracting a promise not to die by suiciide before calling or visiting a helping professional seems to prevent some suicides

identify the factors that make up the Big Five factor model

extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness

Eli is a school student. Her teacher's appreciation motivates her to study well. She also aims to impress her teacher and her parents by getting into a good university after she graduate from high school. Eli's performance goals seem to be met through

extrinsic rewards

Which of the following is true of metabolism

fatty tissue in the body metabolizes food more slowly than muscle tissues does

_______ is a type of persuasive communication that influences behavior on the basis of arousing anxiety and corner instead of rational analysis of the issues

fear appeal

A researcher places a baby in a room with many different objects. Then, he records the amount of the time the baby spends looking at any one stimulus or object. This shows the baby's visual preference. In this scenario, the researcher is most likely measuring the baby's

fixation time

Mindfulness medication (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to

focus on the present

Jana is practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares her findings with the courts. Jana is most likely (a)n

forensic psychologist

the ______ is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development

formal operational stage

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise

from roadblocks placed in the path of self-actualization

In the context of psychosurgery, in _______ physicians beam steams of radiation deep into the skull, destroying spots of tissue believed to be overactive in severe ODC

gamma knife surgery

Esteban finds that he is often very anxious and not at ease. Which of the following neurotransmitter might help him the most

gamma-aminobutyric acid

Three-year old Derris watches the children's television show "Spongebob Squarepants" At first, Derris became really excited whenever he saw a Spongebob doll. Now Derris gets excited whenever he sees any yellow sponge. Derris is displaying stimulus ____

generalization

Which of the following represent your full genetic potential

genotype

which of the following is the correct order of prenatal development

germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage

_____ form a fatty substance called myelin

glial cells

which of the following is not an advantage of group therapy

group members who are overly shy do better in these settings

Research on acculturation shows that people who do not fully surrender their traditional backgrounds

have higher self-esteem than those who do

In the context of behavioral genetics, identify the correct statement

heredity is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from anxiety and depression to personality disorder

in the context of organization in long-term memory, an _____ is an arrangement fo terms into groups or classes according to common or district features

hierarchy

Eugene believes that he can bring about positive changes in his life through his own efforts. Psychologists would say that Eugene has high

high self-efficacy expectations

Johnny has always feared going to the dentist as he associated these visits with pain. After repeated visits to the dentist, Johnny also developed the fear of bright lights as he had started associating it with the dentist's cabin. In the given, scenarios, the development of Johnny's fear bright lights is due to

higher-order condition

Shana is a young girl who met with a car accident a few years ago. Since her accident, Shana is only able to remember her family members and instances from her childhood. However, she is unable to remember people she met recently or events that are currently happening in her life. She is often introduced to the same people whom she has met earlier. She reads the same newspaper for several days without realizing that she has read it before. The accident has disabled Shana's ability to permanently store new information because she sustained an injury to her _____.​

hippocampus

Jenny is obsessed with collective chocolate wrappers. She picks up wrappers from the road and stacks the at her house. Over the years, these wrappers have piled up to such as extend that Jenny is left with only a narrow pathway that leads from the entrance of her house to her bedroom. Although Jenny has been advised by many to get rid of the clutter, she refuses to do so. Jenny is most likely suffering from

hoarding disorder

while on a study tour, Kurt released how the trip had really helped her gain perspective on her life and why she is working towards earning her degree. What theory best explains why

humanism

The _____ is a pea sized structure in the brain that is involved in many aspects of motivation, including sex, aggression, and hunger

hypothalamus

The flow of visual information seems smooth and continous because of ______ memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second

iconic

How to perform different skills and action is a component of

implicit memory

Knowing ow to play a piano without much conscious effort illustrates _______ memory

implicit memory

in the context of memory and forgetting, one fo the cognitive explanations for infantile amnesia states that

infants do not make reliable use of language to symbolize of classify events

motives are

inferred from behavior

Ava you a four-year-old girl, combines word to form her own sentences. In this scenario, Ava is demonstrating

infinite creativity

Explict sensory is

inflammation that can be clearly state

In Gestalt Psychology, ______ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented element of a problem that permits to a solution

insight

Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking

insist on evidence

if you have a ______ locus of control you tend to believe that you can influence when you receive reinforcers

internal

_______ involves championing the interest of the loved one, even if it entails sacrificing one's own

intimacy

the blind spot

is insensitive to visual stimulation

Which of the following is true of trait theory

it focuses on describing traits rather than on tracing their origins

In the context of behavior theory methods, which of the following statements is true of flooding?

it involves conscious exposure to fear-ending stimuli

which of the following statements is true about long-term memory

it is analogues to a biochemical "hard drive"

Which of the following states is true of applied research

it is designed to find solutions to specific personal or social problems

Which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence

it is shown more generally by vocabulary

in the context of group decision making, which of the following is true of the majority- win scheme

it is the most commonly used social decision scheme

Which of the following statement is true of shaping

it reinforces progressive steps toward the behavioral goal

in the context of general adaptation syndrome, which of the following is the flight or fight reaction

it stems from a period in human prehistory when many stressors were life threatening

According to your text, one of the common complaints concerning the Kidney reports were that

it was collected from a non-random sample

What is the name of the concept that infants are born with innate ability to learn language

language acquisition device

____ refers to learning that is hidden or concealed

latent learning

People deprived of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

learn more slowly

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, what must be developed immediately prior to esteem needs

love and belongingness

highigh self-efficacy expectations are accomplished by

low levels of adrenaline

kim has a poor appetite and has a lost of serve amount of weight in the past few months. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She no longer wants to lives and wishes to die. Psycholongist are most likely to diagnose Kim with

major depressive disorder

in the context of pscyhological problems arising from roadblocks placed in the path of self-aculzation, if, when we are young, other people approve of us only when we are doing what they want us to do we

may learn to disown the parts of ourselves to which they object

Which of the following is an altered state of consciousness

mediation

Sanchez, an eight-year-boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor. "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused damage to Sanchez's brain. This statement supports the

medical model

which of the following plays a significant role in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing

medulla

Brown and McNelli's experience on the tip-of-tongue phenomenon reveled that

memory storage systems of humans are indexed according to both visual and audio cues

According to Willam Master and Virgina Johnson

men and women have similar biological responses to sexual stimulation

Tom is a World War 2 war hero who suffers from PTSD and major depression. In 1954 he was sent to an institution for treatment. He was successfully cured and he reentered society to lead a normal life. He was most likely admitted to

mental hospital

Cancer is characterized by the development of abnormal, or mutant, cells that may take root anywhere in the body, in the blood, bones, digestive tract, sex organs. If their spread is not controlled early, the cancerous cells may ______, that is estbaliedh colonies elsewhere in the body

metastasize

These neurons fire when an animal oversees the behavior of another animal and that behavior simulates imitative behavior in the first animal

mirror neurons

is a behavior therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations

modeling

Behavior that is rewarded by partial reinforcement is _____ resistant to extinction

more

in the context of motor development of children, which of the following stamens is true of activities like rolling over, sitting up, crawling, creeping, waking and running

most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence

after retiring from work, Greg contemplates whether he should stay at home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay at home because he likes to relax, but feels guilty about not getting enough exercise. He knows that if he goes to the gym, he will be glad that he is exercising but unhappy he does not enjoy the activity. According to Neal E. Miller, this is an example of

multiple approach-avoidance conflict

_______ is best defend as a sudden variation in an inheritable characteristic, as distinguished from a variation that results from generation of gradual selection

mutation

which of the following is considered the most complex form of conflict

mutiple-appraoch-advoidance

_______ is the concept that holds that adaptive genetic variations among members of a species enable individuals with those variations to survive and reproduce

natural selection

On his first day as a school psychologist, Daniel took a trip to the school grounds and quietly sat in the corner watching the children play. He noticed several patterns in the way Children behaved with each other, especially when they were playing games. Denial is most likely using the method of

naturalistic observation

A(n) _____ is a state of deprivation

need

pointing to a cat and saying "This is not a dog" is a(n) _____ of the dog concept

negative instance

Seligman suggests that when things go wrong, we sometimes develop inappropriate attributional styles towards the cause of failure. Which of the following was not proposed by him

negative or positive

in the context of the five-factor model, which of the following traits are characteristics of mechanism

nervousness, moodiness , and sensitivity to negative stimuli

which of the following hassles is an example of environmental hassels

noise

____ cannot be experience through sensory awareness or direct inner awareness

nonconcious processes

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in emotional arousal and sleep

norepinephrine

antidepressant medication tends to increase concentration of

norepinephrine

____ tests are tests whose items must be answers in a specific, limited manner and have concrete answers

objective

which of the following best identifies the behaviorist primary emphasis for the study of psychology

observable behavior

according to the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by

observation of other people acting aggressively

According to ______, when we see modeled behavior being reinforced we are vicariously reinforced

observational learning

_____ is the acquisition of knowledge and skills by watching others taster than by means of direct experience

observational learning

Kyle is possessed by the thought that he might develop a severe disease due to the germs. He tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day. Kyle demonstrates:

obsessive-compulsive disorder

The _____ conducts sensory input to the brain, where it relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe

optic nerve

Max's three year old typically says things like "I Seed it" and "Mommy stated down" These examples illustrates

overregulation

Lisa, a high school student, is suspicious of her classmates. She does not trust them and keeps a stance from everyone at schoo. Lisa is most likely suffering from

paranoid personality disoeder

Which of the following statements is true of sleep

people need more sleep when they are under stress

Which of the following statements highlights the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia

people with schizophrenia may have more receptor sites for dopamine in an area of the brain that is involved in emotional responding

____ can be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives. and behavior that distinguish one person from another

personality

When a patent insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe a sugar pill. Such fake pills are called

placebos

When a patent insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician maybe prescribe sugar pills. Such fake pills are called

placebos

______ is best characterized as the field of psychology that is about personal well-being and satifiscation, joy, sensual pleasure, and happiness, and optimism, and hope for the future

positive psychology

After surviving the horrific, car addict, Jesus has experienced intense fear and avoids driving a car. He most likely is suffering from

post traumatic stress disorder

Disaster victims may experience deliberating anxiety reaction months and year after the actual disorders. These patients are diagnosed with

post traumatic stress disorder

Liz sustained a head injury in a car accident. When she was fully awake, the doctor approached her and asked her questions such as "what is the last thing you remember" and "when were you born" Liz was able to answer all these questions correctly. In the scenario, the questions asked to Liz summon up

preconscious information

Some researches considered the _____ to the "executive center" of the brain where decisions are made to keep information in working memory and to solve problems

prefrontal cortex

Keisha takes care to look smart and attractive for her job interview. She knows that her interveiwerers will evaluate her based on the first impression she creates. In this scenario, the impression created by keisha is an example of the

primary effect

According to Louis Thurstrone, _______ are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence

primary mental abilites

______ refers to the tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole

principle of closure

when Angelica studies for her college classes, she actively thinks about the new information, thinks about it applications, and tires to generate her own examples based on experience. Using levels of processing terminology, Angelica is

processing the information at a "deep" level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long term memory

what are the names of the two terms your text discuss with regard to why we typically develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to us?

propinquity and reciprocity

which of the following is true of psychological needs

psychological needs differ markedly from one person to another

the principles of psychotherapy focus on alll of the following except

psychotherapy only influences clients' feelings

in the context of the human eye, the size of ____ is sensitive to an individuals emotion

pupil

on a bright, sunny day. Manny leaves a dimly-lit movie theater and goes out into the street. The ______ in his eyes adjust to the sudden increase in light

pupils

Research that is undertaken primarily because the researcher is interested in research topic is called

pure research

Adam, a sleep researcher, noticed that his sleeping patient had a high level of neurological arousal. The patient is most likely in ____ sleep

rapid eye movement

essay tests are examples of

recall

according to your text, children watching violence in the media are potentially impacted by all of the following EXCEPT

reduced probability of aggressive behavior

In the context of operant conditioning, an example of _____ is when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more "likes"

reinforcement

Sofia does not like eating vegetables. To ensure that she eats vegetables, her mother offers her an extra helping of lesser every time Sofia finishes her vegetables, in the context of behaviorism, this is known as

reinforcement

____ are defined as stimuli that increases the frequency of behavior

reinforcers

the _______ assumes that the more similar something is to our expectations, the more likely the entity belongs to that category

representativeness heurisitc

according to the general adaption syndrome, the levels of endocrine and sympathetic activity in the ______ are lower than the level in the alarm but still higher than normal

resistance stage

Carole walked into a Moroccan restaurant and was surprised that she did not see any utensils. her surprise stems from the fact that she never eaten without utensils before. This is an example of

schema

Tom is a loner who shows little interest in making friends and does not exhibit much emotion. However, he is a star performer at work. His job involves updating a database to reflect the most recent events occurring in the world. He is showing signs of _____.​

schizoid personality disorder

Professor is trained in which of the following

school psychologist

Hudson was pretty depressed because after receiving some world new update on his cell phone he believed that the world was a violent place. His friends were rupsied by his mood because hudson worked with wonderful people at his place of worship. According to Beck, what type of cognitive error is this?

selective perception

The strong tendency to view one's successes as stemming form internal factors and one's failures as stemming from external factors is called the _______

self- serving bias

______ refers to our ability to bring out desired changes through our efforts

self-efficacy

________are belief that we can accomplish certain things

self-efficacy expectations

Which of the following is not a characteristic of middle adulthood

sense of small declines

Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in

sensorineural deafness

At the start of the exam Bobbi did not notice any distracting sounds. As time passed she became more and more aware of the ticking clock on the wall. What is this an example of

sensory adaption

______ is best described as the direction of one's romantic interest and erotic attractions- towards members of one's own anatomic sex, the other anatomic sex or both

sexual orientation

according to behaviorist, personality is formed by

situational and enviromental influences

two identical model cars are parked at the far end of a parking lot. You are able to determine that one of the cars is closer to you than the other because it appears to be slightly larger, even though you know it is the same as the other. This is an example of which perpetual cue?

size constancy

People with ____ stop breathing periodically, up to serval hundred times per night

sleep apnea

observational learning is one of the foundations of

social cognitive theory

which of the following is a focus of Erikson theory of personality and development

social realtionships

in collectivist cultures that stress interdependence, such as Asian cultures, people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's _________

social rose ad obligations

___________ believes that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and likely to be reinforced

social-cognitive theorists

the brain and spinal cord make up the _____, which controls and commands bodily functions

somatic nervous system

Peggy Blake and her colleagues constructed a scale of "life-changing units" to measure the impact of life changes among college students. Surveys with students reveled that

some of them considered academic success to be stressful

psychological disorders are

sometimes associated with faulty perception or interpretation of reality

In the current political climate, there has been an increase in ethnic prejudices. Because you study psychology, your friend approaches you with his idea to combat it. Which of the following ideas would be ineffective?

spend time with people who share your attitudes

in classical condition, the term extinction can be misleading because

spontaneous recovery of existing/shed conditioned response can occur

As we enter ____, our brain waves slowdown for the alpa rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves

stage 1 sleep

______ is the process by which test scores from various population groups, are obtained and organized so that test results can be compared to those with similar demographic profiles

standardization

a hypothesis is

statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research

humor helps people cope with stress by

stimulating the output of endorphins

identify a true statement about environmental influences on intelligence

studies support that view that childcare's early environment is linked to academic achievement

visual stimuli can be flashed too breifly, below our absolute threshold for conscious perception, to enable us to process them. This is an example of

subliminal stimulation

The term ____ refers to the deliberate placing of certain ideas, impulses, or images out to awareness

supression

Naomi is afraid of dogs. While she is feeling relaxed, her therapist shows her a dog from a distance. The therapist gradually brings the dog closer until Naomi's fear is completely extinguished. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is being used to extinguish Naomi's fear of dogs?

sympathetic desenalization

The _______ is the branch of the ANS that is most active during when you are scared

sympathetic division

The _____ branch is the autonomic nervous system that is most active during processes that restore reserves of energy in the body

sympathetic nervous system

In boys; pituitary hormones simulates the testes increase the output of _____, which in turn causes enlargement of the penis and testes and the appearance of body hair

testosterone

If the ____ is damaged, a person can form visual memories but not verbal memories

thalamus

the pain message is relayed from the spinal cord to the _____ and then projected to the cerebral cortex making us aware of the location and intensity of the damange

thalamus

B.F. Skinner proposed

that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because their behavior has a positive outcome

which of the following Freudain structures in present in a person at birth?

the ID

Which of Jeffery Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them

the age of possibilities

In the context of hunger, adaptive thermogenesis causes ______ when someone goes on a diet

the body to burn fewer calories

Ancaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that every is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at time. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in the scenario

the ceonept of imaginary aduience

according to cognitive psychologist

the charges caused by learning influence an organism's behavior

Asch's study using line judgment was able to demonstrate ______

the effects of social conformity

Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaption syndrome

the exhaustion stage

Which of the following is a focus of the pschodynamic theory

the far-reaching effects of childhood events on personality

According to your text, if you are American you are most likely stressed about

the future of the nation

Amy accidentally hit her elbow against the edge of a wall. Amy's mother rushed to her and rubbed the affected elbow. Amy's pain subsided. Which theory would best explain this incident?

the gate theory

Concerting dissociative identity disorders, which of the following is inaccurate about their identities

the identities must not be aware of the others

in the context of stress, which of the following is true of predictability and control

the illusion of being in control allows people to feel that they are not at the mercy of the fates

The critical factor in state-dependent retrieval is the influence of

the person's mood at the time a memory is encoded and retrieved

Although crystal had practiced her presentation several times before class, she struggled in the middle part of the speech when she gave it to the class. This pattern of forgetting illustrates

the serial-positon effect

Dave could not remember the last digits of his friend's cell phone number, so he kept trying different digits until he found the right one. In this scenario, which of the following methods did David use?

the systematic random search algorithm

in Stanley Milgram's study, whenever some of the "teachers" would hesitate his research assistant would say one of the following, except for:

"You cannot stop, the experiment must continue"

Jane is a 10 year old girl with a mental age of 12. Jane intelligence quotient calculated using Whilhem Stern's Formula is

120

Researches estimate that the heritability of the extraverted personality is

40 to 60

Jenny was beginning to panic as the store began to become crowded with shoppers. Jenny most likely suffers from

Agoraphobia