Psych final quizzes (4-6)

It is hard to tell how Guy's father will respond to Guy. Sometimes he is responsive to Guy's needs, but he is just as likely to ignore Guy. At 18 months old, Guy clings to his father, but he is just as likely to reject his father if his father tries to play with him. Guy becomes angry when his father leaves, and Guy is difficult to comfort even after his father returns. What kind of attachment is this?

Resistant

Which of the following is a way that the Kinsey research differed from the Masters and Johnson research?

Kinsey collected data with personal interviews; Masters and Johnson recorded measurements of physiological variables.

A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

Naturalistic observation

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. Greg is ________.

Obese

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

Obsessive-compulsive

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

Oral

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________.

Physiological and cognitive

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon bites his mother

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

Social loafing

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.

Social support

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

positive outlook and positive expectations

Hans Selye's definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.

Body's physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it

Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?

Climate of sexual repression

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

Developmental milestones

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

Diffusion of responsibility

Body dysmorphia is a ________.

Distorted body image

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating.

Distress

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

Five Factor Model

Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis?

Milgram

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive behavioral therapy

What is the main idea of drive theory?

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs

Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders.

differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Early maturing girls are ________.

At a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

involuntary

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

Acute

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?

Generativity vs. stagnation

When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Generativity vs. stagnation

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ________.

In which people are presented with ambiguous images

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

In-group

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?

Integrity vs despair

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem.

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

Posttraumatic stress

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder?

Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Regression

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

Secure

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

Self-actualization

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy?

Thoughts affect behavior

Which of the following is an example of the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Tyrique almost falls out of the tree, but he grabs a branch, and now that the danger of falling has passed, he focuses his energy and attention on getting down from the tree safely.

Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________.

Universal

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy.

client-centered

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality?

narcissistic personality disorder

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

stranger anxiety

Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________.

Flow

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.

Anal

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Asch

________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

Attachment

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy.

Biomedical

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

Fundamental attribution error

The culture display rule is one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of ________ that are acceptable.

Emotion

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Esteem

The facial ________ hypothesis states that facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions.

Feedback