Psych MY

Deception

Misleading participants about the true purpose of a study or the events that will actually transpire

Language

Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meanings

Withdrawal from an investigation

Participants should be able to leave a study at any time if they feel uncomfortable. They should also be allowed to withdraw their data. They should be told at the start of the study that they have the right to withdraw.

asking questions of the meaning of the word

Professor Belvedere wants to help her anatomy students memorize the names of different parts of the body. Which of the following techniques will best help her students?

Naturalistic Observation

Record behavior in a real world setting (to show behavior)

Survey

Research collecting information from individuals to learn about a populations interests or opinions

Fmri

Researchers at a local veteran's hospital wanted to explore the impact of traumatic brain injuries on veteran's ability to sleep. Which of the following would the researchers use if they wanted to see the brain activity in a particular area of the brain as the veterans were sleeping

Amygdala

Researchers presented a picture of four stimuli to a group of college students and measured their heart rate by counting how many beats occurred in one minute. Which of the following brain structures would be most responsible for the emotional reaction as measured by heart rate after seeing the spider and the snake?

Whether people tell how far away something is?

Researchers were interested in whether there is a correlation between binocular cues and depth perception. Which of the following would be an operational definition.

Confidentiality

Respecting the privacy of both parties and keeping details secret

Computed Tomography (CT)

Shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, organs and blood vessels. CT scans can also be used for fluid or tissue biopsies, or as part of preparation for surgery or treatment.

Debrief

A process used after an experiment or research study where participants are provided with information regarding the purpose, procedures, and findings of the study.

Confirmation Bias

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence (VAX CAUSE THE TISM)

Why cant we do experiments of teratogens

A teratogen is a substance that can cause birth defects or increase the risk of them in a developing fetus. Teratogens can be drugs, chemicals, infections, or health conditions.

One Word Stage

Age 1-2, child speaks mostly in single word statements

Two word stage

Age 2, child speaks mostly in two word segments

Protection of Participants

All participants are protected from physical mental and emotional harm.

Informed Consent

An ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Sympathetic Nervous System

Arouses and Expends Energy (Hypes your body up)

Dr. Handler conducted research to explore the extent to which hearing acuity changes with age. She tested the absolute threshold for hearing in 10 subjects of various ages. The results are presented in the table. Which of the following is an appropriate conclusion based on the data presented in the table?

As age increases, the ability to detect higher pitched sounds tends to decrease.

Reflexes

Automatic response to a sensory stimulus

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain + Spinal Cord

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Calms your body and conserves energy

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls our glands and muscles of internal organs (such as heartbeat and digestion) Usual operates on autopilot, but can be consciously overridden (Sympathetic+Parasympathetic)

The nervous system activation for any other type of dancers on carbohydrate-rich diets would be similar

Dr. Copeland is interested in studying how diet impacts the nervous system activity of professional dancers. She randomly assigns a group of professional ballet dancers to either a protein-rich diet or a carbohydraterich diet. After three weeks on each food plan, she measures the functions of specific parts of the brain and nervous systems while they are dancing .Dr. Copeland found that ballet dancers on a carbohydrate-rich diet had greater activity levels in the somatic nervous system. What prediction can be made from these findings?

Parasympathetic nervous system

Dr. Copeland is interested in studying how diet impacts the nervous system activity of professional dancers. She randomly assigns a group of professional ballet dancers to either a protein-rich diet or a carbohydraterich diet. After three weeks on each food plan, she measures the functions of specific parts of the brain and nervous systems while they are dancing. Which of the following is most relevant to digesting carbohydrate-rich meals and resting after dance practice?

Somatic Nervous System

Enables control of skeletal muscles (also called Skeletal Nervous system*)

Identity vs Role Confusion

Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves

Correlational Study

Extent that two factors vary together and predicts the other Makes predictions

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Find areas where seizures are present Find areas of the brain when they become active

Case Study

In depth study of a group, person or event (Specific). To determine why or how a certain phenomenon is happening

Misinformation Effect

Incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event

Spinal Cord

Information highway connecting Peripheral system to the brain

Experiment

Is a controlled study manipulating two groups (To show cause and effect)

The sound has a high amplitude sound wave

Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?

Constancy

Kaori is traveling on an airplane for the first time. As the plane takes off, she watches the automobiles driving on the freeway below. Even though the automobiles seem to get smaller as the airplane gains altitude, Kaori does not perceive the cars as shrinking but still perceives them to be their normal size. Which perceptual principle best describes this phenomenon?

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

works by detecting the changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur in response to neural activity - when a brain area is more active it consumes more oxygen and to meet this

Phoneme

smallest distinctive sound unit Not individual letter sounds per say, but close Don't have meaning Example: "Ch"

Morpheme

smallest unit of language that carries meaning Ex: "Readers" has 3 morpheme's · Read · Er · S

Babbling stage

starts 4 months. Infant spontaneously utters various sounds

The Nervous System

the body's speedy communication network that uses neurons and electricity to communicate throughout the body

Retroactive interference

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

hindsight bias

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

Opponent Processing Theory

the theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, white-black) enable color vision. For example, some cells are stimulated by green and inhibited by red; others are stimulated by red and inhibited by green

Noam Chomsky

thought we have a universal aptitude for learning language

Tri-Chromatic (Young-Helmholtz) Theory of Color

three types of cones in retina, each type maximally sensitive to one range of light wavelengths

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

used to investigate or diagnose conditions that affect soft tissue such as tumours or brain disorders.

The Flynn effect

The rise of average intelligences scores as human kind progresses (Whats it called that humans are getting smarter?)

Dependant Variable

The variable that relies on the independent variable (What is being measured)

Independent Varible

Variable being manipulated during the experiment and controlled by experimenter

REM

What stage of sleep do we dream in?

Experiment

What study shows causation?

Grammar

a languages set of rules that enable people to communicate Breakdown of language

Source Amnesia

attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about or read about, or imagined. Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

brings information to and from the brain (Autonomic, Somatic)

Permissive

describes a parenting style that is characterized by the parent making few demands on the child

Telegraphic speech

early speech stage where child speaks like a telegram or broken English (Me Want Food!)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

may be used to evaluate organs and/or tissues for the presence of disease or other conditions. PET may also be used to evaluate the function of organs, such as the heart or brain. The most common use of PET is in the detection of cancer and the evaluation of cancer treatment.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

non-invasive technique for investigating human brain activity. It allows the measurement of ongoing brain activity on a millisecond-by-millisecond basis, and it shows where in the brain activity is produced.

Authoritarian

power control soccer mom karen person

Authoritative

punish with reason