Psych Quiz 8

11;4

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder plagues some ___ percent of children, and the appearance of the disorder occurs from ages ____ to 17. 15; 10 5; 7 9; 12 11; 4

the immigrant paradox.

Compared with people who have recently immigrated from Mexico, Mexican Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder—a phenomenon known as: the immigrant paradox. epigenetics. taijin-kyofusho. susto.

maladaptive

Nicole refuses to leave her house because she is fearful of being exposed to germs. Nicole's behavior is _____ because it interferes with normal day-to-day life. stressful disturbed maladaptive unusual

flat affect.

Nikki, who was diagnosed with schizophrenia last year, has a symptom related to diminished and inappropriate emotion. She sometimes lapses into a "zombielike" state of apparent apathy known as: disorganized thinking. persistent depressive disorder. flat affect. obsession.

anorexia nervosa.

Significant dieting and significant weight loss is common in individuals with: major depression. anorexia nervosa. dissociative disorder. bulimia nervosa.

anorexia nervosa

Significant dieting and significant weight loss is common in individuals with: major depression. bulimia nervosa. anorexia nervosa. dissociative disorder.

posttraumatic stress

Some psychologists include dissociative identity disorder under the umbrella of _____ disorder due to evidence that many patients have suffered abuse as children. a personality generalized anxiety social anxiety posttraumatic stress

negative behaviors

appropriate behaviors are absent -toneless voice -expressionless face -mute & rigid bodies -found in chronic schizophrenia

chronic schizophrenia

-negative behaviors -process schizophrenia -slow developing process -longer psychotic periods and shorter recover periods

acute schizophrenia

-positive behaviors -reactive schizophrenia -occur rapidly -recover is more likely

psychological

A _____ disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. maladaptive psychological stress dysfunctional

the United States

A large-scale World Health Organization study (2004)—based on 90-minute interviews of thousands of people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 28 countries. Which country had the highest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders? France the United Kingdom Japan the United States

Nigeria

A large-scale World Health Organization study (2004)—based on 90-minute interviews of thousands of people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 28 countries. Which country had the lowest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders? China Nigeria the United States Italy

Nigeria

A large-scale World Health Organization study (2004)—based on 90-minute interviews of thousands of people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 28 countries. Which country had the lowest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders? Italy China the United States Nigeria

a dissociation

A symptom of _____ is having a sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment. agoraphobia a dissociation obsessive-compulsive disorder generalized anxiety disorder

anorexia nervosa.

About four months ago, 16-year-old Veronica went on a drastic diet that caused her to drop from her normal weight of 120 pounds to less than 90 pounds. Although her weight is dangerously low, she continues to undereat because she thinks she looks fat. Veronica suffers from: bulimia nervosa. a fugue state. dissociative identity disorder. anorexia nervosa.

psychoanalytic

According to ________ theory, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses. social-cognitive medical biopsychosocial psychoanalytic

dangerous

According to psychologists and psychiatrists, a disordered behavior is NOT necessarily: deviant. dysfunctional. distressful. dangerous.

including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement.

According to the textbook, DSM-5 has been criticized for: including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement. representing the consensus of a wide range of mental health professionals from many different organizations and perspectives. including eating disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and social anxiety disorder as mental disorders. not including homosexuality as a mental disorder.

They were young males.

Andrew Golden and Mitchell Johnson, both young adolescents, engaged in a mass-killing shooting at their school in 1998. What do they have in common with other mass-killing shooters? They did not have anything in common with other mass-killing shooters. They were older men with psychological disorders. They were young males. They had a psychological disorder.

a biopsychosocial approach.

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for: a biopsychosocial approach. the medical model. association studies. linkage analysis.

have a preoccupation with death or be prey to suicidal thoughts.

Bonita is suffering from major depressive disorder. Compared with people who are not depressed, Bonita is more likely to: have a preoccupation with death or be prey to suicidal thoughts. suffer from frequent or unexpected panic attacks. easily complete routine tasks involved in daily living. speak quickly and have high levels of energy.

misdiagnosed with disorders and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."

David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices," saying "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported and displayed no other symptoms. They were all: sued by the hospital for pretending to be insane. found to be sane, and not admitted into the hospital. initially diagnosed as mentally ill, but were released immediately. misdiagnosed with disorders and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."

major depressive disorder.

David has been having difficulties getting out of bed and is not interested in going out with friends or even answering the phone. He has let a number of bills go unpaid, is sleeping 12 to 14 hours a day, and cannot concentrate at work. He has called in sick to work at least once each week. David is most likely suffering from a(n): antisocial personality disorder. bipolar disorder. major depressive disorder. dissociative disorder.

the number-one reason people seek mental health services.

Depression is: more common than phobias. less common than dissociative disorders. more commonly suffered by men than women. the number-one reason people seek mental health services.

Hallucinations

Dopamine overactivity appears to be most clearly related to: flat affect. Hallucinations. bipolar disorder. agoraphobia.

biopsychosocial

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a __________ model. medical psychoanalytic biopsychosocial humanistic

biopsychosocial

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a __________ model. psychoanalytic medical humanistic biopsychosocial

is NOT classified as an illness

Elsa, a 50-year-old teacher, is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality: is not classified as an illness. does not put her at greater risk for mental health problems. is classified as an illness. The APA has no opinion about homosexuality.

prenatal viral infections; schizophrenia

Evidence suggests that ________ contribute(s) to the development of _____. conscious role playing; schizophrenia prenatal viral infections; schizophrenia depressed serotonin levels; PTSD a pessimistic explanatory style; OCD

major depressive disorder.

For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from: mania. major depressive disorder. free-floating anxiety. schizophrenia.

persistent depressive disorder.

Gina has worked as a human resources specialist for several years, but she doesn't really like the job. Although her work performance is adequate, Gina almost always feels slightly down and sad. Gina's chronic case of "the blues" is characteristic of the psychological disorder called: bipolar disorder. major depressive disorder. persistent depressive disorder. cyclothymic disorder.

medical

Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The ___________ model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated. medical organic psychoanalytic biopsychosocial

a psychological disorder

In _____________, a person experiences a clinically significant disturbance in his or her cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. a psychological disorder the adaptation-level phenomenon a belief perseverance the confirmation bias

frontal lobes

In a study examining genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder, Adrian Raine compared the PET scans of murderers' brains to the brains of nonmurderers of the same age and sex. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____________ (a brain area that helps with impulse control). medulla pineal gland reticular formation frontal lobes

bulimia nervosa.

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of: bulimia nervosa. dissociative disorder. a personality disorder. anorexia nervosa.

reduce the number of child and adolescent bipolar diagnoses.

It has been speculated that the DSM-5's new category of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder will likely: create a larger gender gap in diagnoses of bipolar disorder. under-pathologize the overactivity of young children. reduce the number of child and adolescent bipolar diagnoses. increase the number of people diagnosed with mood disorders.

substance abuse

James is in prison for a violent offense and has a history of violence, availability of weapons, and substance use. He has also been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. What was the most likely trigger for his violence? having a psychological disorder substance abuse experiencing childhood abuse being agitated by others

substance abuse

James is in prison for a violent offense and has a history of violence, availability of weapons, and substance use. He has also been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. What was the most likely trigger for his violence? substance abuse having a psychological disorder experiencing childhood abuse being agitated by others

stimulus generalization.

James was attacked by a fierce dog as a child and developed a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates: linkage analysis. stimulus generalization. agoraphobia. dissociation.

learned helplessness.

Joanna has been depressed due to the treatment by her abusive husband. She feels trapped and believes she has nowhere to go and will never escape him. Joanna's depression and self-defeating beliefs have resulted from: rumination. learned helplessness. epigenetics. linkage analysis.

antisocial personality disorder.

Last week Tate, who seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing, went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Oddly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. From all these signs, it is very likely that Tate would be diagnosed as having: antisocial personality disorder. schizotypal personality disorder. borderline personality disorder. schizophrenia.

serotonin

Lower levels of _____ are often found in the brains of people who suffer from depression. electrical activity serotonin GABA glutamate

psychological

Mark has attempted suicide twice in the last year. He hears voices and has disturbed emotions, and his behavior is very bizarre and erratic. Mark is likely to be diagnosed with a type of __________ disorder. anxiety stress psychological personality

schizotypal personality

One cluster of personality disorders that expresses eccentric behavior also includes ______________ disorder. People with this personality disorder can be described as having an emotionless disengagement. dissociative identity borderline personality schizotypal personality antisocial personality

dissociative

One symptom of a sudden loss of memory is __________ disorder. dissociative panic obsessive-compulsive bipolar

acute

People are more likely to recover from ________ schizophrenia. process chronic acute reactive

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

People who are troubled by repetitive thoughts or actions are suffering from: panic disorder. obsessive-compulsive disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. panic attacks.

persistent depressive

People who experience a mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least two years and have at least two of the following symptoms—trouble regulating sleep and eating behaviors, low energy, low self-esteem, difficulty concentrating and feelings of hopelessness—fit the DSM-5 criteria for __________ disorder. persistent depressive major depressive cyclothymic bipolar

a phobia

People who feel irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation are suffering from: obsessive-compulsive disorder. a phobia. generalized anxiety disorder. panic disorder.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

People who suffer from ____________ are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives. obsessive-compulsive disorder schizophrenia dissociative disorder bipolar disorder

flat effect

People with schizophrenia sometimes lapse into an emotionless state called: anorexia nervosa. catatonia. flat effect. psychosis.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Research has found that in those with _______, the anterior cingulate cortex is often hyperactive. generalized anxiety disorder schizophrenia obsessive-compulsive disorder posttraumatic stress disorder

ADHD

Sean has trouble paying attention in class and cannot seem to focus at all during lecture. During exams his mind wanders and cannot seem to focus. He also rarely completes any assignments because he cannot sit still long enough to complete the work. Sean most clearly exhibits symptoms of: obsessive-compulsive disorder. anxiety disorder. psychosis. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

hallucination; delusion

Seeing talking trees would be a(n) ________. Believing that you are the current President would be a ________. delusion; compulsion hallucination; delusion obsession; compulsion obsession; delusion

is more likely to attempt suicide, because the suicide rate surges among older men.

Seventy-five-year-old Walter lost his wife to a heart attack two years ago, and most of his friends have passed on. His children live in other states, and he has no pets. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Walter: is less likely to attempt suicide since he is living by himself. is less likely to attempt suicide, because his energy and initiative are rebounding. is more likely to attempt suicide, because the suicide rate surges among older men. is equally as likely to attempt suicide as the general population.

panic attacks.

Several times in the past two months, Raul has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Raul most likely suffers from: phobias. schizophrenia. bipolar disorder. panic attacks.

a "word salad."

Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating: a catatonic state. a personality disorder. the appearance of multiple personality. a "word salad."

schizophrenia

Symptoms of _____ have been associated with a reduced level of synchronized neural activity in the frontal lobes. generalized anxiety disorder major depressive disorder agoraphobia schizophrenia

panic

Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of __________disorder. persistent depressive bipolar panic obsessive-compulsive

5

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has estimated that just over 1 in _____ adult Americans has or had a "mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder currently or within the past year." 5 10 125 1000

dissociative identity

The experience of a "fugue state" is indicative of a(n) ________ disorder. dissociative identity panic mood obsessive-compulsive

a biopsychosocial approach.

The idea that psychological disorders stem from stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by: a biopsychosocial approach. linkage analysis. the learning perspective. the medical model.

a biopsychosocial approach.

The idea that psychological disorders stem from stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by: linkage analysis. a biopsychosocial approach. the medical model. the learning perspective.

auditory

The most common hallucinations experienced in schizophrenia are: visual. olfactory. auditory. tactile.

DSM-5.

The most common scheme for classifying psychological disorders is the: DSM-5. biopsychosocial approach. medical model. learning perspective.

bipolar disorder.

The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and had been rude and reckless over the last five days. In the ER, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is most likely suffering from: a dissociative disorder. an antisocial personality disorder. bipolar disorder. major depressive disorder.

they begin to rebound and become capable of following through.

The risk of suicide is greatest for those diagnosed with depression when: they begin to rebound and become capable of following through. they are experiencing the deepest lows. they are started on medication. they begin to descend into the depths of depression.

role playing

The view that dissociative identity disorder involves _____ was supported in a research study where college students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers. Under hypnosis, they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist. unconscious fear role playing a negative explanatory style low self-esteem

hallucinations.

Theresa complains that threatening voices are constantly telling her she is so evil she should kill herself. Theresa is experiencing: a panic attack. hallucinations. catatonia. flat affect.

disruptive mood dysregulation

Thirteen-year-old Samantha has mood swings in which she alternates from depressive moods to uncontrollable behavior in which she interferes with the class and is aggressive toward her classmates. According to DSM-5, Samantha is likely to be diagnosed with: major depression. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. mania. persistent mood disorder.

is MORE likely to attempt suicide, because his energy and initiative are rebounding.

Thirty-seven-year-old Steven has suffered from depression all his life. He has been in treatment for the last three weeks and is starting to feel better, but he is tired of living this way and doesn't want to face another depressive episode. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Steven: is MORE likely to attempt suicide, because his energy and initiative are rebounding. is EQUALLY as likely to attempt suicide as the general population. is LESS likely to attempt suicide since he is on medication. is LESS likely than a Black American to attempt suicide.

serotonin

Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on an antidepressant called Paxil that will help increase her ____________ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter. serotonin GABA acetylcholine glutamate

obsessions; compulsions

Uncontrollable thoughts and worries are to _____ as uncontrollable behaviors are to _____. compulsions; obsessions obsessions; compulsions hallucinations; delusions anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa

schizophrenia

Victor experienced oxygen deprivation at the time of birth. This is a known risk factor for: obsessive-compulsive disorder. schizophrenia. bipolar disorder. panic disorder.

chronic

What is schizophrenia called when it develops gradually over a long period of time? reactive acute paranoid chronic

when the disorder develops rapidly in response to a stressful life situation

When are the chances for recovery from schizophrenia considered to be greatest? when the disorder develops in reaction to abnormalities in brain chemistry when the disorder develops slowly over a period of years when the disorder develops during adolescence or early adulthood when the disorder develops rapidly in response to a stressful life situation

when it develops slowly

When is schizophrenia chronic? when it is responsive to drug therapy when it is accompanied by hallucinations when recovery is likely even without professional help when it develops slowly

when it develops rapidly

When is schizophrenia said to be acute? when recovery is doubtful when it develops rapidly when it is accompanied by immobility when it is caused by a prenatal viral infection

distinct brain and body states associated with differing personalities

Which of the following provides some evidence that dissociative identity disorder is NOT simply a product of conscious role playing? dramatic increase in reported cases of this disorder during the past 40 or so years distinct brain and body states associated with differing personalities inability of psychiatric experts to hypnotize patients with this disorder periodic intervals during which patients with this disorder become violent

People with mental disorders are more likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? People with mental disorders are more likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence. Those with psychological disorders are more likely to be violent toward others. Restricting gun ownership by those with psychological disorders will greatly reduce gun violence. Those who have a psychological disorder are more likely to be violent if the violence is triggered by substance abuse.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which of the following was the lowest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2015? obsessive-compulsive disorder schizophrenia posttraumatic stress disorder generalized anxiety disorder

posttraumatic stress

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Pukari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Pukari is most clearly showing signs of __________ disorder. posttraumatic stress obsessive-compulsive generalized anxiety dissociative identity

Hallucinations

_____ may be reduced by therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors. Hallucinations Generalized anxiety disorder Depression Agoraphobia

Bipolar disorder

___________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania. Major depressive disorder Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia Generalized anxiety disorder

Posttraumatic stress disorder

_____________ is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms that include haunting memories and nightmares, jumpy anxiety, social withdrawal, and insomnia. Posttraumatic stress disorder Sleep apnea Night terrors Narcolepsy

positive behaviors

inappropriate behaviors are present -hallucinations -talk in disorganized or deluded ways -inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage -found in acute schizophrenia