Oral Anatomy: Study questions 3,4; 5 LEA 4, 5, 6, 7

What is a dentigerous cyst? Which teeth are most commonly affected by the cyst? What is another name for this cyst? Give a short description of the cyst.

A dentigerous cyst, also called an eruption cyst if on a developing or erupting tooth, is a blue vesicle lesion. With eruption, the tissue disintegrates and no further treatment is needed, but it also may grow larger as the tooth erupts. It forms from the reduced enamel epithelium and most commonly affects the 3rd molars. It may become neoplastic is not removed.

With increased age, the pulp tissue can become: A. Increasingly fibrotic and smaller B. Displaced by primary dentin C. Increasingly cartilaginous D. Filled with cementicles

A. Increasingly fibrotic and smaller

If the diagnosis confirms dentinal hypersensitivity in the absence of underlying diseases or structural problems, then the following step (s) can be initiated: Check all that apply to the above statement. A. Recommend a desensitizing agent for home use B. Remove the risk factor by educating the patient about dietary acids and other oral habits C. Apply topical desensitizing agents in-office D. Recommend different toothbrushing methods with an extra soft brush

A. Recommend a desensitizing agent for home use B. Remove the risk factor by educating the patient about dietary acids and other oral habits C. Apply topical desensitizing agents in-office D. Recommend different toothbrushing methods with an extra soft brush

Oral tissue disintegrates during the eruption process causing the usual presents of inflammation known as "teething", which may be accompanied by tenderness and edema of the local tissue. A. True B. False

A. True

A False Denticle: Select all that apply. A. is formed from the fibroblast cells B. is calcified inorganic material C. does contain odontoblast cells D. is formed from the odontoblast cells

A. is formed from the fibroblast cells B. is calcified inorganic material

What is an avulsed tooth? What needs to be done for an avulsed tooth? How can an avulsed tooth be prevented?

An avulsed tooth is a tooth that is completely removed from the socket and occurs as a result of trauma. It may involve moderate pain or no pain at all. If this occurs, the patient needs immediate examination by a dental professional and a radiograph to identify any remaining fragments before reimplantation of the tooth. The patient should bring back the tooth in a wet handkerchief, milk, or water to maintain hydration in saliva. It's always best when there is a short time between avulsion and reimplantation. Pulp canal therapy may be needed, observe for other trauma and a tetanus booster may be needed. This commonly happens during sports, and the best way to prevent it is with a mouthguard, which consists of individually formed plastic coverings for the teeth.

What is ankylosis of a tooth? Explain how ankylosis occurs and if ankylosis is a serious concern for the patient? Which tooth is commonly effected?

Ankylosis of the primary tooth is a condition in which the alveolar crest of the bone fuses to the tooth, which can prevent the permanent tooth from erupting. Some of the root may have been resorbed, but some of the root remains firmly in place. The most commonly affected tooth is the second primary molar. It can be a concern, but it is commonly fixed by extracting the ankylosed tooth and the permanent tooth will usually begin to erupt after that, relieving the concern.

Which zone in the pulp contains a nerve and capillary plexus? A. Cell-rich zone B. Cell-free zone C. Odontoblastic layer D. Pulpal core

B. Cell-free zone

The pulpal tissue in the pulp chamber has two main divisions, which are? Select the two main divisions from the list below. A. Granular B. Coronal C. Apical D. Horns E. Radicular

B. Coronal E. Radicular

Which of the following is the only sensation perceived by the brain from the pulp's sensory nerves? A. Taste B. Pain C. Temperature D. Pressure

B. Pain

What are the smaller extensions of coronal pulp into the cusp of posterior teeth termed? A. Lateral canals B. Pulp horns C. Pulp canals D. Accessory canals

B. Pulp horns

Read through each statement. Select any statement TRUE of pulpitis. A. No answer text provided. B. Pulpitis can become irreversible resulting in a non-vital tooth C. Pulpitis can occur on primary and permanent teeth from dental caries D. Can lead to a periapical abscess E. The infection can spread through the apical foramen to the PDL and bone

B. Pulpitis can become irreversible resulting in a non-vital tooth C. Pulpitis can occur on primary and permanent teeth from dental caries D. Can lead to a periapical abscess E. The infection can spread through the apical foramen to the PDL and bone

During tooth development, both the pulp and dentin in the mature tooth are products of the: A. Dental sac B. Enamel organ C. Dental papilla D. Tooth germ

C. Dental papilla

The nerve innervation is from CN V-2 and V-3. The major arterial supply to the teeth and periodontium in the facial artery. A. Both statements true B. Both statements false C. First statement is true and second statement is false D. First statement is false and the second statement is true

C. First statement is true and second statement is false

Which of the following pulp structures is formed when Hertwig epithelial root sheath encounters a blood vessel? A. Pulp chamber B. Pulp horn C. Apical foramen D. Accessory canal

D. Accessory canal

Pulp stones are also known as: A. Granular dentin stones B. Cementicles C. Odontoicles D. Denticles

D. Denticles

The most common cell type in connective tissue such as the pulp is the: A. Endothelial cell B. Odontoblast C White blood cell D. Fibroblast

D. Fibroblast

Microscopically, how many pulp zones can be seen? A. Two B. Six C. None D. Four

D. Four

What is the Nasmyth's membrane? During which phase of tooth eruption can the membrane occur?

Nasmyth's membrane if formed by the ameloblast and the united oral epithelium. It can take on stain and is common to be green. It is difficult to remove, but the best method is with selective polishing. It occurs during the pre-functional phase of active tooth eruption.

The _________________ eruption of a primary tooth has many stages as the tooth moves into place in the alveolar process of each arch; this is not the passive eruption, which occurs with aging when the gingival tissue recedes but no actual tooth movement takes place. a. Active eruption b. Functional eruption c. Present eruption d. Pre-eruption

a. Active eruption

Which of the following statements is TRUE of dentinal hypersensitivity? Select ALL TRUE answers a. Dentinal hypersensitivity can be localized or can involve several areas b. Dentinal hypersensitivity tends to peak in 20 and 30 year-olds c. Associated with quick or flashes of pain occurring in the nerves of bone and PDL d. Occurs when the dentin is exposed to the environment

a. Dentinal hypersensitivity can be localized or can involve several areas b. Dentinal hypersensitivity tends to peak in 20 and 30 year-olds c. Associated with quick or flashes of pain occurring in the nerves of bone and PDL d. Occurs when the dentin is exposed to the environment

The epithelium root sheath is known as the Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath. The cell growth along the outer cells of the dental papilla pushes the OEE into the dental sac. a. First statement is true and the second statement is false b. Both statement false c. Both statements true d. First statement is false and the second statement is true

a. First statement is true and the second statement is false

The root lengthens as the tooth begins to move toward eruption, allowing space. At the end of the root, the HERS turns vertical as the root becomes wider. a. First statement is true and the second statement is false b. Both statements false c. Both statements true d. First statement is false and the second statement is true

a. First statement is true and the second statement is false

LEA: The gingival sulcus is filled with: a. Gingival crevicular fluid b. Periodontal ligaments c. Periodontal fibers d. Gingival muscles and blood supply

a. Gingival crevicular fluid

With increased age, the pulp tissue can become: a. Increasingly fibrotic and smaller b. Displaced by primary dentin c. Increasingly cartilaginous d. Filled with cementicles

a. Increasingly fibrotic and smaller

Which of the following are a number of adjoining parallel imbrication lines that are present in stained dentin? a. Lines of Owen b. reversal lines c. Lines of Retzius d. arrest lines

a. Lines of Owen

Select all that apply to the developmental disturbance of supernumerary roots. Check all that apply a. Metabolic and diet b. Commonly associated with the anterior teeth c. Commonly associated with 3rd molars d. Injury e. Genetic f. Pressure in the area

a. Metabolic and diet c. Commonly associated with 3rd molars d. Injury e. Genetic f. Pressure in the area

If the diagnosis confirms dentinal hypersensitivity in the absence of underlying diseases or structural problems, then the following step (s) can be initiated: Check all that apply to the above statement. a. Recommend a desensitizing agent for home use b. Remove the risk factor by educating the patient about dietary acids and other oral habits c. Apply topical desensitizing agents in-office d. Recommend different toothbrushing methods with an extra soft brush

a. Recommend a desensitizing agent for home use b. Remove the risk factor by educating the patient about dietary acids and other oral habits c. Apply topical desensitizing agents in-office d. Recommend different toothbrushing methods with an extra soft brush

Read each statement. Select all the TRUE statements on the histology of the PDL. a. The PDL consist of collagen fibers b. The fibroblast is the most common cell within the PDL space c. Epithelia Rest of Malassez is a rope of cementum and dentin cells d. The PDL keeps changing and developing as we age

a. The PDL consist of collagen fibers b. The fibroblast is the most common cell within the PDL space c. Epithelia Rest of Malassez is a rope of cementum and dentin cells

Select ALL the statements TRUE of active eruption. a. Tooth reaches the ideal location of the gingival margin is reached by the mid-twenties b. Tooth remains in the bony crypt during this phase c. Vertical tooth movement d. From the bell stage, through eruption and coninues until the tooth reaches the occlusal plane

a. Tooth reaches the ideal location of the gingival margin is reached by the mid-twenties b. Tooth remains in the bony crypt during this phase c. Vertical tooth movement d. From the bell stage, through eruption and coninues until the tooth reaches the occlusal plane

With the crown forming before the root, prevention of traumatic injury to the permanent teeth before they are fully anchored into the mandible is very important. a. True b. False

a. True

Enamel matrix is produced by the ____________cells. a. ameloblasts b. odontoclasts c. odontoblasts d. cementoblasts

a. ameloblasts

Which of the following are partially mineralized vertical sheets of enamel matrix that extend from the DEJ near the tooth's cervix to the outer occlusal surface? a. enamel lamellae b. enamel rods c. enamel tufts d. enamel spindles

a. enamel lamellae

A False Denticle: Select all that apply. a. is formed from the fibroblast cells b. is calcified inorganic material c. does contain odontoblast cells d. is formed from the odontoblast cells

a. is formed from the fibroblast cells b. is calcified inorganic material

Dentin in the mature tooth is produced as a result of secretion by: a. odontoblasts b. osteoblasts c. cementoblasts d. fibroblasts

a. odontoblasts

After the ameloblasts are finished with both enamel appositional growth and maturation, they become part of the: a. reduced enamel epithelium b. Hertwig epithelial root sheath c. odontoclast population d. cervical loop

a. reduced enamel epithelium

What type of dentin is formed quickly in local regions in response to a localized injury to the exposed dentin? a. tertiary dentin b. secondary dentin c. mantle dentin d. intertubular dentin

a. tertiary dentin

Which of the following is the best answer, the amount of inorganic material in mature enamel? a. 50% b. 96% c. 70% d. 65%

b. 96%

The lamina dura noted on radiographs corresponds to which of the following structures? a. Basal bone of the jaw b. Alveolar bone proper of the alveolar process c. Supporting cancellous bone between the teeth d. Buccal and lingual cortical plates of the jaws

b. Alveolar bone proper of the alveolar process

In which part of the alveolar process is the loss of bone from periodontitis first evident? a. Interradicular bone b. Alveolar crest c. Basal bone d. Supporting alveolar bone

b. Alveolar crest

The deepest layer of the junctional epithelium is also known as the: a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Basal layer c. Cytoplasm d. Interdental papilla

b. Basal layer

Which zone in the pulp contains a nerve and capillary plexus? a. Cell-rich zone b. Cell-free zone c. Odontoblastic layer d. Pulpal core

b. Cell-free zone

The pulpal tissue in the pulp chamber has two main divisions, which are? Select the two main divisions from the list below. a. Granular b. Coronal c. Apical d. Horns e. Radicular

b. Coronal e. Radicular

During the pre-functional phase, the reduced enamel epithelium fuses with the oral epithelium, this is called the fused eruption epithelium. a. True b. False

b. False

The most common cell in the periodontal ligament is the: a. Cementoblast b. Fibroblast c. Odontoclast d. Osteoclast

b. Fibroblast

Outermost cells of the enamel organ will differentiate into ameloblast which forms enamel. The majority of the dental sac will differentiate into cementoblast forming cementum. a. Both statements false b. First statement is false and the second statement is true c. Both statements true d. First statement is true and the second statement is false

b. First statement is false and the second statement is true

During root development, the Hertwig epithelial root sheath is entirely composed of: a. All layers of the enamel organ b. Inner and outer epithelium c. Inner and outer cells of the dental papilla d. Enamel organ and dental papilla

b. Inner and outer epithelium

Which of the following is NOT a part of the gingival fiber group? a. Dentoperiosteal fiber group b. Interdental fiber group c. Alveologingival fiber group d. Circular fiber group

b. Interdental fiber group

Which part of both of the jaws contains cancellous bone? a. Alveolar bone proper b. Interdental septum c. Alveolar crest d. Cortical bone

b. Interdental septum

With occlusal trauma, there can be a widening of the: Select all that apply. a. Dentin b. Lamina dura c. Periodontal space d. PDL

b. Lamina dura c. Periodontal space d. PDL

To allow for the eruption process, the reduced enamel epithelium first has to fuse with the ______________ lining the oral cavity. a. Junctional epithelium b. Oral epithelium c. Connective tissue d. Fused epithelium

b. Oral epithelium

The dentin develops from the: a. Dental sac b. Outer cells of the dental papilla c. OEE d. Inner cells of the dental papilla

b. Outer cells of the dental papilla

Which of the following is the only sensation perceived by the brain from the pulp's sensory nerves? a. Taste b. Pain c. Temperature d. Pressure

b. Pain

What are the smaller extensions of coronal pulp into the cusp of posterior teeth termed? a. Lateral canals b. Pulp horns c. Pulp canals d. Accessory canals

b. Pulp horns

Read through each statement. Select any statement TRUE of pulpitis. a. No answer text provided. b. Pulpitis can become irreversible resulting in a non-vital tooth c. Pulpitis can occur on primary and permanent teeth from dental caries d. Can lead to a periapical abscess e. The infection can spread through the apical foramen to the PDL and bone

b. Pulpitis can become irreversible resulting in a non-vital tooth c. Pulpitis can occur on primary and permanent teeth from dental caries d. Can lead to a periapical abscess e. The infection can spread through the apical foramen to the PDL and bone

The anchorage of the tooth to the alveolar process is mediated through which of the following? a. Both interdental and Sharpey's fibers b. Sharpey's fibers c. Interdental fibers d. Oxytalan fibers

b. Sharpey's fibers

Which of the following can occur with an excessive amount of systemic fluoride during tooth development? a. enamel erosion b. enamel dysplasia c. enamel abfraction d. enamel caries

b. enamel dysplasia

By weight, what percentage of mature dentin is inorganic or mineralized material? a. 10% b. 50% c. 70% d. 25%

c. 70%

Many of the cementoblasts become entrapped by the cementum they produce, becoming _____. a. Dentinocytes b. Alveolarocytes c. Cementocytes d. Fibrocyctes

c. Cementocytes

In what direction is the migratory route of the cells as turnover takes place in the junctional epithelium? a. Perpendicular to the tooth surface b. Apical direction c. Coronal direction d. Parallel to the apical crest of bone

c. Coronal direction

During tooth development, both the pulp and dentin in the mature tooth are products of the: a. Dental sac b. Enamel organ c. Dental papilla d. Tooth germ

c. Dental papilla

Outermost cells of the enamel organ will differentiate into ameloblast which forms enamel. The majority of the dental sac will differentiate into cementoblast forming cementum. a. First statement is true and the second statement is false b. Both statements true c. First statement is false and the second statement is true d. Both statements false

c. First statement is false and the second statement is true

The nerve innervation is from CN V-2 and V-3. The major arterial supply to the teeth and periodontium in the facial artery. a. Both statements true b. Both statements false c. First statement is true and second statement is false d. First statement is false and the second statement is true

c. First statement is true and second statement is false

In the dental papilla cells come together in a string known as the epithelial rests of Malassez. During root development the PDL becomes incorportated into the dentin and bone. a. Both statements false b. First statement is false and the second statement is true c. First statement is true and the second statement is false d. Both statements true

c. First statement is true and the second statement is false

The first steps in root formation involve the reduced enamel epithelium has collapsed over the tooth. The vestibule is just starting form at this time. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. First statement is true and the second statement is false d. First statement is false and the second statement is true

c. First statement is true and the second statement is false

Differentiate cell function and ___________ induces the ___________________ of the dental papilla to produce root dentin. a. Stellate reticulum; inner cells of the dental papilla b. OEE; odontoblast c. IEE; odontoblast d. IEE; cementoblast

c. IEE; odontoblast

During root development, the Hertwig epithelial root sheath is entirely composed of: a. Inner and outer cells of the dental papilla b. All layers of the enamel organ c. Inner and outer epithelium d. Enamel organ and dental papilla

c. Inner and outer epithelium

The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is BEST considered the ______________ period. a. Adult dentition b. Secondary dentition c. Mixed dentition d. Deciduous dentition

c. Mixed dentition

Acute or chronic inflammation with the formation of edema, an increased number of white blood cells, and epithelial ulceration with tissue thinning are signs of: a. Alveolar process b. Pocket epithelium c. Periodontal disease with gingivitis d. Dental biofilm

c. Periodontal disease with gingivitis

Root dentin begins with rapid _________________ of the cells in the _______________. a. Differentiate; cervical loop b. Proliferation; OEE near the basement membrane c. Proliferation; cervical loop d. Differentiate; IEE near the basement membrane

c. Proliferation; cervical loop

If a tooth has two roots, how many horizontal epithelial extensions or flaps will be involved in its root formation? a. One b. Four c. Two d. Three

c. Two

Which of the following cell types are not renewable during the lifetime of the tooth? a. cementoblasts b. odontoblasts c. ameloblasts d. ameloclasts

c. ameloblasts

Which dentin makes up the bulk of the dentin in a tooth? a. primary dentin b. mantle dentin c. circumpulpal dentin d. intertubular dentin

c. circumpulpal dentin

Which of the following includes the tissue fluid surrounding the cell membrane of the odontoblast? a. gingival crevicular fluid b. lymph c. dentinal fluid d. synovial fluid

c. dentinal fluid

Which of the following can occur to mature enamel with a case of bulimia? a. attrition b. abrasion c. erosion d. abfraction

c. erosion

Which dentin is located between the tubules and highly mineralized? a. primary dentin b. secondary dentin c. intertubular dentin d. intratubular dentin

c. intertubular dentin

Dentin that creates the wall of the dentinal tubule is: a. interglobular b. mantle dentin c. peritubular/intratubular dentin d. globules

c. peritubular/intratubular dentin

Which dentin is formed after the completion of the apical foramen, also formed slower, less mineralized. a. circumpulpal dentin b. intertubular dentin c. secondary dentin d. tertiary dentin

c. secondary dentin

Which of the following pulp structures is formed when Hertwig epithelial root sheath encounters a blood vessel? a. Pulp chamber b. Pulp horn c. Apical foramen d. Accessory canal

d. Accessory canal

Which alveolodental ligament fiber subgroup radiates from the cementum around the root apex to surrounding alveolar bone proper, forming the base of the alveolus? a. Alveolar crest group b. Horizontal group c. Oblique group d. Apical group

d. Apical group

Which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root? a. Stellate reticulum b. Enamel organ c. Stratum intermedium d. Cervical loop

d. Cervical loop

Pulp stones are also known as: a. Granular dentin stones b. Cementicles c. Odontoicles d. Denticles

d. Denticles

What stops the gently pressure of the periodontal probe when reading the depth of a healthy gingival sulcus? a. Attached gingiva b. Col c. Sulcular epithelium d. Epithelial attachment

d. Epithelial attachment

The most common cell type in connective tissue such as the pulp is the: a. Endothelial cell b. Odontoblast c. White blood cell d. Fibroblast

d. Fibroblast

Microscopically, how many pulp zones can be seen? a. Two b. Six c. None d. Four

d. Four

The MOST permeable section of the gingiva is considered which of the following? a. Sulcular epithelium b. Both sulcular and junctional epithelia c. Neither sulcular or junctional epithelia d. Junctional epithelium

d. Junctional epithelium

Which of the following has the highest rate of turnover? a. Sulcular epithelium b. Hard palate c. All areas in the oral cavity have the same turnover rate d. Junctional epithelium

d. Junctional epithelium

Gingival fiber group is located in what part of the marginal gingiva? a. Apex b. Epithelium c. Gingival sulcus d. Lamina propria

d. Lamina propria

The disintegration of the sheath allows the ________________ cells of the ______________ to contact the newly formed root dentin. a. Fibroblast; dental sac b. Ectomesenchymal; dental papilla c. Mesenchymal; enamel organ d. Mesenchymal; dental sac

d. Mesenchymal; dental sac

Which of the following dental tissues provides vascular nutrition for the tooth's cementum? a. Alveolar bone b. Dentin c. Epithelial cells d. Periodontal ligament

d. Periodontal ligament

Root dentin begins with rapid _________________ of the cells in the _______________. a. Differentiate; IEE near the basement membrane b. Differentiate; cervical loop c. Proliferation; OEE near the basement membrane d. Proliferation; cervical loop

d. Proliferation; cervical loop

The dentogingival junction is the junction between the gingival tissue and the: a. Gingival sulcus b. Maxilla c. Hard palate d. Tooth surface

d. Tooth surface

Enamel can be lost by ________, which is caused by increasing the tensile and compressive forces during tooth flexure, which possible occurs during parafunctional habits with their occlusal loading. a. abrasion b. attrition c. erosion d. abfraction

d. abfraction

In which location is the cell body of the odontoblast found in a mature, healthy erupted tooth? a. along dentinoenamel junction b. near pulpal core c. near dentinocemental junction d. along outer pulpal wall

d. along outer pulpal wall

Enamel matrix is a _____________product, because ameloblasts are derived from the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. a. neural crest cell b. endodermal c. mesodermal d. ectodermal

d. ectodermal

Which of the following portions of the tooth appear more radiopaque on radiographs? a. alveolar process b. dentin c. pulp d. enamel

d. enamel

Which is the first type of dentin to form? a. peritubular/intratubular dentin b. secondary dentin c. tertiary dentin d. mantle dentin

d. mantle dentin

Predentin is the initial material laid down by the: a. ameloblasts b. ondontoclasts c. preameloblasts d. odontoblasts

d. odontoblasts

Acellular cementum

- "primary cementum" - at least one layer covers entire root with many layers near cervical 1/3 - formed at slower rate - no embedded cementocytes - width constant over time

Cellular cementum

- "secondary cementum" - formed over the acellular layer - mostly in apical 1/3 especially in interradicular region - formed at faster rate - has embedded cementocytes - can widen over time, layers can be added