Human Resource Management - Exam 1
External FIt
Fit between HR practices and firm strategy
Executives -> ______ -> Managers -> Employees
HR Leaders
Organizational Strategy
Low cost and differentiation
Two ways to obtain competitive advantage
Low cost strategy and differentiation strategy
Functional Turnover
Low performers leave, company is OK without them
Collective bargaining
negotiations between representatives of employers and unions
Who is responsible for enforcing OSHA
occupational safety and health admin
How do firms benefit HR?
Feeling of value and worth, getting paid, derive meaning from work, benefits
Mission
How we get to the vision
What are the 6 disciples of HR?
Job analysis, recruiting, selection, training, performance management, compensation and benefits
Formalization
Job standardization
Uniformed Services and Employment and reemployment act of 1994
protects rights of military members who were sent away from their jobs due to us gov orders
Immigration and Nationality act of 1952
protects us citizens and immigrants authorized to work ffrom discrim. and termination bases on citizenship status or national orgin - work in engineering, teaching, computing, physical therapy
Adverse impact
rejection for employment, placement, or promotion of a signifcantly higher percentage of a protected class
Affirmative Action
requires employees to analyze their workforce and develop a plan of action to correct areas of past discrimination
Immigration reform and control act of 1986
revise and refrom the status of unauthorized immigrants ; can only hire those legally allowed to work in the us, prohbiits from hiring undocumented workers,
1989 - griggs vs duke power
revised standard increasing burden on employee
Rights from OSHA
right to file grievance, complaints, right to participate in inspections, rght to require info on health standards
litigation is based on
severity of offense, number of employees affected, importance of case to EEOC agenda
union shop clause
union requires new employees to join the union 30-60 days after being hired
two types of sexual harrassment
1. Quid Quick Pro = harrassment that occurs when some type of benefit or punishment is made contingent upon the employee submitting to sexual advance; AKA this for that 2. Hostile Work Envior = occurs when someones behavior at work creates an enviorn that is sexual in nature and makes it difficult for someone of a particular sex to work in that enviorn.
3 steps of affirmative action
1. utlization anaylsis 2. goals and timetables 3. develop action plan
"To leave a sustainable world for future generations" is an example of: a) Vision, b) Mission, c) Differentiation Strategy, or d) Competitive Advantage
A) Vision
Dysfunctional Turnover
Average/High performers leave, company struggles
Flow char for EEOC investigation
Charge filed by employee with eeoc, eeoc completes investigation, either issues probable or no probable cause. If no PC, charging party has 90 days to file suit. If yes PC, attempt at concilliation, and then the eeoc may litigate, otherwise right to sue letter
Organizational Structure
Complexity, formalization, and centralization
Centralization
Concentration of decision making
EEOC
Equal employment opportunity commission = investigate and resolve claims of discrim. issue guidelines and guidenace monitor and share info
Internal Fit
Fit among HR practices; all stratgies are fitting together
ROI equation
Gain from investment - cost of investment / cost of investment
Griggs vs. Duke Power
Gave us disparate impact; african american in duke power steam station faught for their rights;
Types of Alignment
Internal and External Fit
EVA equation
Net operating profit after tax - (Capital used x cost of capital)
What is the pattern of basic assumptions in an organization, that can be observed in the people, organizational artifacts, and conversations/relationships?
Organizational Culture
occupation safety and health act of 1970
Requires employers to provide a safe and healthy work enviornment, comply with safety and health requirements and keep records of injuries or illness.
What are the societal effects of HRM?
Social equality, stress levels (polices for work/home life)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)
States that discrimination is prohibited on the basis of; race, color, religion, sex, and national orgin. Bars discrimination in all HR activies Bars retaliation Established the EEOC
Vision
The future
Job satisfaction gets...
Well being and acceptance
Compensation and Benefits
What do we pay people?
Job Anaylsis
What is the work to be done?
Example of Organizational Culture
Zappos vs. Amazon
Reasonable accomidation
accom. made by an employer to allow someone who is disabled but otherwise qualiffied to do the essential functions of a job
Bona fide occupational qualification
actual job requirement
Competitive Advantage
all or part of the market prefers the firms products and/or services
Civil Rights Act of 1991
amendment to title VII, compensatory and punitive damages, prohibits quotas (perferance is okay) and allows juries rather than federal judge to decide on discrimination claims
U-niform in application
applying the same test the same way
You are providing consulting for a school district for the selection practices. The school gives you a list of their interview questions. Based on your knowledge of HR from MGT 310, which question would you immediately tell them to remove? a. Are you good with children? b. Do you plan on having children? c. How are your organizational skills? d. What college did you graduate from?
b) Do you plan on having children
Human resource management: a. Involves mostly administering payroll and benefits; b. Refers to policies and practices that influence employees behavior, skills, attitudes, and performance; c. Is necessary only in those organizations where labor-management relations are strained; d.Is irrelevant in an age of rapidly changing work processes; e. All of the above
b. Refers to policies and practices that influence employees’ behavior, attitudes, and performance
Importance of data analytics
being able to measure and quantify measurements tools specific to HR
1991 - griggs vs duke power
burden of proof moves back to employer standard
1971 Griggs vs duke power
burden of proof on employer in discrimination cases
Negotiations between representatives of employers and unions are called: a) Union Bargaining b) Progressive Discipline c) Collective Bargaining d) Negotiations of Implied Contact e) Employment at will
c) Collective Bargaining
When unions and management are negotiating, they may need assistance to resolve their differences. Which of the following is a voluntary process where a third party uses communication and persuasion to help the union and management reach an agreement? a) Strikes b) Collective bargaining c) Mediation d) Arbitration
c) Mediation
When Janet takes a day off to report to jury duty, her supervisor Tony fires her. Janet sues the company and claims that she is protected by this exception to employment-at-will: a) Lack of good faith b) Lack of fair dealing c) Public policy violation d) Psychological contract breach
c) Public Policy Violation
Differentiation Strategy
compete on added value; involves providing something unique and distinctive to customers that they value
Low Cost Strategy
competing on productivity and efficiency; Keeping costs low to offer an attracitve price to customers
Organizational Structure
complexity, formalization, centralization
Main catergories for OSHA
construction, general industry, maritime, and agriculture
essential functions
fundamental duties off the position
Ability, motivation, opportunity = ____________ productivity
higher
Training
how we ensure employees know how to do the job?
HR scorecard
identifies HR deliverables and HR system alignment, compares HR alignment with strategy, and measures organization gains
Unfair labor practices
interfering with coercing employees in the excersie of their right, dominatating with the formation or adminstration of any labor organzation, discriminating in regard to memebership in labor union
marginal job functions
may be performed on the job but need not to be performed by all holders of job
Return on Investment
measure of the financial return we receive because of something that we do to invest in the org and its people
alternative dispute resolution
mediation and arbitration
Economic Value Added
method for calculating the creation of value for the shareholders ; measure of profits that remain after the cost of the capital has been deducted
Productivity gets ...
outputs
Disability
physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activites; record of having impairment or being regarded as one
Vietnam Era Veterans readjustment act of 1974
prohibits federal contractors and subcontractors against discrim. against veterans with they have over a 100,000 dollar contract
H-as job relatedness
relates to job function
4/5 rule
selection program has an adverse impact when the selection rate for any racial, ethnic, or sex class is less than 4/5ths (80%) of the rate of the class with the highest selection
HR Management
the practices and policies designed to get the most value fromHR
Arbitration
the process whereby a neutral third part resolves a labor dispute by issuing a final decision in the disagreement
immigration and employment laws
to ensure employment verification and to prevent discrim.
military and veteran laws
to prevent discim against veterans
Taft harley act of 1947
tried to level the playing field by not giving unions too much power, added unfair union labor practices, protects company and employees from union coercion
Undue hardship
when the level of difficulty for an org to provide accom, determined by looking at the nature and cost of the accom. and the overall financial resources of the faciltiy, becomes a significant burden on the org.
Recruiting
where do you find people to do this work, and how to communicate tha t
Selection
How do you choose who will do the work?
C-onsistent in effect
ennsure result is not different for diff groups
O-bjective
fact based and quanitfyable
How to calculate turnover rates
# of employees that left permanetly / # of employees in organization
Complexity
Differentiation in levels, departments, and space
How does HR benefit the firm?
Low turnover, good production, they get outcomes! `
Name the two types of sexual harassment and explain what each is.
1) Quid pro Quo - 'This for That' 2) Hostile work environment - an environment creating an intimidating, hostile or offensive environment, interfering with an individual's performance
What kind of discrimination occurs when protected class members are evaluated by different standards? a. Disparate Treatment; b. Adverse Impact; c. Both A & B; d. Prima Facie
A. Disparate Treatment
Which Act explicitly prohibits quotas? a. Civil Rights Act of 1991; b. Age discrimination in Employment Act of 1967; c. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990; d. Executive Order 11222
A. Civil Rights Act of 1991
When HR strategy is aligned with Firm Strategy, a firm can be said to have: a. External fit; b. Internal fit; c. Business unit strategy; d. Differentiation
A. External fit
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 states that employment decisions cannot be made based on certain characteristics. People who have these characteristics belong to protected classes. For the CRA of 1964, these include all of the following EXCEPT: a.Race; b.Religion; c.Sex; d.Age
D. Age
What are the three workforce factors discussed in class that together influence workforce productivity?
Ability, Motivation, Opportunity
On the TV show, Breaking Bad, Walter White decides to fire Gale (a white man in his 40s, who is extremely high performing) and hire Jesse (a white man in his 20s) to replace him. If this place of employment was a legal operation, what type of discrimination may have occurred and what is the law that prohibits this form of discrimination?
Age Discrimination; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
employment at will
Allows employees to assert their right to end an employment relationship with an employee at any time for any cause; does not hold the reason for end of employment is illegal
pregnancy discrimination act
Amendment of Title VII, prohibits discrimination based on pregnancy or the ability to get prego; requires employer provide health insurance include pregnancy related conditions
5 steps fo ADEA
Apprenticeships programs, job notices and advertisements, pre-employment inquiries, benefits, waivers of rights
Mindy, from the Mindy Project, complains that she is being asked to do more work than anyone else because she is a female. What law protects her from differences in work expectations based on her biological sex
Civil Rights Act/Title VII
Name the two types of damages that can be awarded to victims of discrimination based on the Civil Rights Act of 1991
Compensatory (payment for future money losses; emotion pain and suffering) and Punitive (punishment to firm)
Comcast needs to hire a telephone customer service representative. The job is 100% telephone contact with customers, and speaking clearly is critical to being an effective customer service rep. Pauline, who is bright and experienced with computers, has a speech impediment that makes speaking clearly rarely possible for her. She has an excellent track record for working unsupervised at previous jobs. Pauline is not hired due to the speech impediment. Has management made a decision that makes the firm legally liable for discrimination under the Americans with Disabilities Act? a. Yes, because she has a major life activity impairment b. No, because the speech requirement is a marginal job duty that is only required of some employees c. Yes, because she is disqualified solely due to the impediment d. No, because the speech requirement is an essential job duty that cannot be accommodated
D) d. No, because the speech requirement is an essential job duty that cannot be accommodated
Performance
How to make sure people are doing work well
Exceptions to employment at will
Implied contract breach, public policy voilation, and good faith and fair dealing breach
Forever 21 (a cheap clothing retailer targeting young women) is using which source of competitive advantage? A. Broad; B. Differentiation; C. Focus; D. Low Cost
D. Low Cost
Data Analytics
Economic value added Return on Investment Turnover Rates Employee Surveys
True/False - Unionization membership rates in the US is holding steady (not increasing or decreasing)
False (membership has been decreasing)
Jon satisfaction = ______ turnover, ____ absenteeism
Low, less
Who is responsible for administering/supervising an election for union representation?
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
OUCH
Objective Uniform in Application Consistent in effect Has job relatedness
Age Discrimination In Employment Act
Prohibits discrim. against people who are 40+ years; employers with 20+ employees, BFOQ inacted when needed; often relevant in layoff cases, and prohibits mandatory retirement
Americans with disabilities act of 1990
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilites who are able to perform essential functions of job with or without reasonable accomidations - applies to companys with 15+ people
Turnover
Rate of loss of employees
On the Walking Dead, they are casting for 10 zombies. There are 20 male applicants and 10 female applicants. 5 men and 5 women are hired. Is there evidence of adverse impact?
Selection rate for Men = 5/20 or 25%; for women, 5/10 or 50%; Higher selection rate is for women; Selection rate for men is less than 80% of the selection rate for women, so YES, there is adverse impact against men.
Joe works for a company where there is a unionization/organization campaign underway. Joe would be covered by the union if it is established. Joe is strongly opposed to unionization and has been very vocal about his opinions. Union organizers have a been threatening Joe and his family, telling him that they will not hurt him if he votes for the union. These threats are illegal under what act?
Taft-Hartley Act
Human Resources
The people within an organization
sexual harrassment
Violates title VII unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal/physical conduct
JoJo was a high performing employee, and quit her job to pursue her own business. What type of turnover is this?
Voluntary, Dysfunctional
Organzational Culture
a pattern of basic assumptions that are considered valid and that are taught to new members as the way to perceive, think, and feel in the organization
Mediation
a volutary process that relies in the communction and persuasive skills of a mediator to help the parties resolve their differences
The requirement of employers to analyze their workforce and develop a plan of action to correct areas of past discrimination is: a. Affirmative Action b. Disparate Treatment c. Internal Analysis d. People Practices
a) Affirmative Action
right to work law
counteracts union shop clause by making it illegal for a union to have a clause; varies from state to state
National Labor Relations act of 1935 (wagner act)
established organizing rights, created the national labor relations board, and identified unfair employer labor practices
Veterans Benefits Improvement Act of 2004
extended requirement for employers to maintain health care coverage for active duty employees and requires employers to post notice of benefits, duties, and rights
Disparate treatment
occurs when protected class members recieve unequal treament or are evaluated by different standards