psych test 3
Who of the following felt that our beliefs about an event, and not just the event itself, contribute to the way we respond to the event?
Albert Ellis
Obsessions are so compelling and recurrent that they disrupt daily life.
True
One suffering from mania may have grand delusional schemes, speak rapidly, and show a rapid flight of ideas.
True
Which behavior pattern is referred to as the coronary-prone behavior pattern?
Type A behavior
In the context of humanistic therapies, which of the following encourages self-exploration and self-expression, and aims to provide insight into the parts of us that we have disowned so that we can feel whole?
client-centered therapy
In which conflict does, each of several alternative courses of action have pluses and minuses?
multiple approach-avoidance conflict
People suffering from this disorder have an inflated self-image, extreme need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.
narcissistic personality disorder
Greta advocates for political action to address climate change. Greta's concern is which kind of hassle?
environmental
The method for inducing compliance in which a small request is followed by a larger request is called ________.
the foot-in-the-door technique
Wilson is a person with schizophrenia. He earns poker chips when he makes his bed and brushes his teeth in the morning. He can then spend those chips to buy time watching TV or other activities he enjoys. Which method is Wilson's therapist using?
token economy
Which term refers to our ability to bring about desired changes through our own efforts?
self-efficacy
An imbalance in which neurotransmitter is connected to both bipolar disorder and depression?
serotonin
Alexi wants to be physically fit. As he cannot workout effectively at his home, he goes to a gym with his friends. At the gym, he works out better when his friends work out along with him. In the context of group behavior, this is the result of ________.
social facilitation
Which of the following is a subfield of social psychology that studies the ways in which we form and modify impressions of others?
social perception
What is the field of psychology that studies the nature and causes of behavior and mental processes in social situations?
social psychology
Which of the following methods is used for fear-reduction?
systematic desensitization
Behavior therapists aid clients in ________.
the acquisition of adaptive behavior patterns
Which of the following characteristics is an aspect of groupthink that contributes to flawed decisions?
the group's belief in its rightness
The tendency to evaluate others in terms of first impressions is called ________.
the primacy effect
How many of Asch's participants clearly gave the wrong answer due to the pressure to conform with the confederates at least once?
75%
Albert Ellis's form of therapy confronts clients with the ways in which irrational beliefs contribute to anxiety and depression.
True
Claire is always on the go. She was valedictorian of her class and has always been competitive. She would most likely be considered to exhibit ________.
a Type A behavior pattern
Which of the following is a physical symptom of anxiety disorders?
a racing heart
Bob thinks that anyone who does not agree with his political stance must support evil activities that are alleged in online conspiracy theories. Which cognitive error has Bob committed?
absolutist thinking
Which of the following disorders is characterized by excessive worrying, fear of losing control, nervousness, and inability to relax?
anxiety disorder
Chiranjivi is a person with chronic headaches. He uses a device to monitor the muscle tension in his forehead in order to gain some control of it. Which method is Chiranjivi using?
biofeedback training
Flora had met with an accident a few day ago. She has forgotten everything about her life before the accident. Flora is suffering from ____________.
generalized dissociative amnesia
Which of the following refers to increased blood flow to an injured part of the body?
inflammation
People described as "loners" who do not develop warm, tender feelings for others are sometimes diagnosed with _________________.
schizoid personality disorder
Cici is watching the news and the reporter starter discussing politics in a way that doesn't align with Cici's political attitudes. She changes the channel. This is an example of ________.
selective avoidance
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States.
true
Women under stress are more likely to care for their children and seek social contact and support from others. Taylor termed this the "tend-and-befriend" response.
true
Behavior-therapy methods for reducing fears include ________.
virtual therapy
Both anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders have been found to have genetic contributions.
True
Client-centered therapists believe in viewing the world through a client's frame of reference.
True
Freud considered dreams the "royal road to the unconscious."
True
Genetic factors seem to be the greatest influence on antisocial behavior.
True
If you have an internal locus of control, it means you feel you have control over the direction of your life.
True
Psychotherapy is a systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that applies psychological principles to affect the client's thoughts, feelings, or behavior in an effort to help the client overcome psychological disorders, adjust to problems in living, or develop as an individual.
True
Naomi is an aggressive driver, to the point where she has caused several accidents by taking needless risks in order to get ahead in traffic. What type of personality is shown in this scenario?
Type A
Which of the following, when done in response to a negative event, most likely results in the irrational process occurring with the activating event?
catastrophizes
In the context of schizophrenia, people who show striking impairment in motor activity are most likely experiencing which condition?
catatonia
After a few months in therapy, Dominik suddenly realized that he was repressing his unconscious desires. Which term refers to the kind of breakthrough that Dominik experienced?
catharsis
In the elaboration likelihood model, what is the term used to describe when persuasion is based on thoughtful consideration of arguments and evidence ?
central route
Bamidele loves playing jazz music because no two songs are exactly the same. They like the changing nature of instrumental solos on any given night. Bamidele is showing which aspect of psychological hardiness?
challenge
In the context of specific phobias, what is the term used for the fear of tight or enclosed places?
claustrophobia
Modern psychodynamic therapies differ from traditional psychoanalysis in that the ________.
client and the therapist usually sit face to face
We often judge new ideas in term of how much they deviate from our existing, initial attitudes. These initial attitudes are known as ________.
cognitive anchors
Destiny wants to quit smoking after trying many times on her own. Which evidence-based treatment is most likely to help Destiny?
cognitive behavioral therapy
The view that we are motivated to make our cognitions or beliefs consistent with each other and with our behavior is ________.
cognitive dissonance theory
During a severe panic attack, the amount of this specific stress hormone found in saliva will increase.
cortisol
Mary and Ted, who are in a relationship, are working with a therapist to strengthen the communication between them and to express their insecurities about the relationship. Mary and Ted are most likely participating in ________.
couple therapy
When compared to hypnosis, Sigmund Freud found which of these to be a more gradual method of breaking through the walls of defense that block a client's insight into unconscious processes?
free association
Cornélie always felt like she was the only one she knew with schizophrenia. Which therapy would help her realize she is not alone by associating with people with similar problems?
group therapy
When an individual has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, they may hear or see things that are not actually there. These are known as
hallucinations
Stress predicts physical and psychological health problems. Which of the following has it been found to predict?
heart disease, cancer, anxiety, and depression
Chukwuemeka prefers to focus on his client's subjective conscious experience, in doing so, he is a part of which approach?
humanism
Rishi complains of severe stomach pain and believes that he has stomach cancer. He is taken to the hospital where the doctor prescribes some tests. Rishi's reports are normal and he does not have any medical problem. However, he insists that he has stomach cancer. Rishi is suffering from __________.
illness anxiety disorder
Which type of somatic symptom disorder was previously called hypochondria?
illness anxiety disorder
Brook fell while attempting a new trick on her skateboard. Which term refers to the bodily function that makes her leg swell up and turn red?
inflammation
After listening to their client describe his concerns, Wanessa offers advice on how to complete divorce proceedings as amicably as possible. What kind of emotional support has Wanessa offered?
information
Prejudices act as cognitive filters through which people view the social world. People tend to think of people as "familiar" or "foreign," or "good" or "bad." Their feelings and reactions toward others may be biased by these perceptions. This source of prejudice is referred to as ________.
information processing
If you tend to believe that you can influence when you receive reinforcers, where is your locus of control?
internal
Ever since Michelle failed her biology test, she thinks that she will never be able to find a job when she eventually graduates. She feels that she will end up homeless. This situation best demonstrates ________.
irrational beliefs
The symptom associated with stress that is most commonly reported by Americans is ________.
irritability
Some people affected by conversion disorder will have a total lack of concern for their symptoms. This symptom is termed _____________.
la belle indifference
Which of the following can be positive or negative, occur at irregular intervals, and create stress?
life changes
Fila has a poor appetite and has lost a severe amount of weight in the past few months. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She no longer wants to live and wishes to die. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose Fila with __________.
major depressive disorder
In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, a person may ____________. Correct!
make huge contributions to charity
According to Selye's general adaptation syndrome, in the exhaustion stage, ________.
many aspects of sympathetic activity are reversed
Posttraumatic stress disorder:
may occur months or years after a traumatic experience.
Dzianis has a client with a phobia of dogs. He shows his client how to safely interact with dogs in a controlled setting to help reduce his fear. Which method did Dzianis use?
modeling
Which of the following is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations?
modeling
Antidepressant medication tends to increase the concentration of which neurotransmitter in the brain?
norepinephrine
Justice's boss tells them to report to work at 4:00 a.m. the next day. Justice is not happy about arriving at work at such an unusual hour, yet they do as they are told. In the context of social influence, their behavior is an example of ________.
obedience to authority
A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or the tap turned on. She feels that her house might be robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness. According to this scenario, she is most likely suffering from __________.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Which of the following is a risk factor for coronary heart disease?
overeating
According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is most crucial in short-term relationships?
passion
Influenza is caused by a virus. This virus is an example of a broad category of disease-causing organisms called ________.
pathogens
In group behavior, when people become more extreme in their positions, this is known as _________.
polarization
Disaster victims may experience debilitating anxiety reactions months and years after the actual disaster. These patients are diagnosed with __________.
posttraumatic stress disorder
Which of the following allows us to brace ourselves for the inevitable and, in many cases, plan ways of coping with it?
predictability
Which of the following is the best-known form of psychosurgery that is used with people with severe psychological disorders?
prefrontal lobotomy
Coco could never forget the first time she met Gita. She was wearing an outlandishly bright outfit and was very loud and obnoxious. Ever since then, she always expects Gita to be the life of the party. Coco is demonstrating (the) ________.
primacy effect
Esmond was awakened by a noise in the night. He listens carefully to determine what the noise was and whether it forms a threat. Which process has Esmond used?
primary appraisal
Behavior therapy uses which of the following to directly promote desired behavioral changes?
principles of learning
We tend to live among people who are similar to us in background, and we therefore come into contact with them more often. This reflects
propinquity
Pressured, increased pace of speech and topic changes, which are characteristic of manic behavior, is termed _________________.
rapid flight of ideas
Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It is not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely using ________.
rational emotive behavior therapy
Ryan, a psychiatrist, has recommended that his patient, who suffers from generalized anxiety, stop the use of antianxiety drugs. After two weeks, the patient complains that her anxiety symptoms have become worse. Ryan tells the patient that her feelings are an expected response to stopping anti-anxiety medication. What is the patient experiencing?
rebound anxiety
What color is associated with feelings of attraction?
red
According to psychodynamic therapy, psychological problems ________.
reflect early childhood experiences and inner conflicts
According to Selye's theory, if the alarm reaction mobilizes the body and the related stressor is not removed, which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
resistance
Voters in a state were unhappy with their governor's effort to redraw districts to ensure his party easy election victories, so they began a recall effort. Their belief in their ability to make changes is known as ________.
self-efficacy
Nafisa wants to observe her client interacting with his family so she can identify communication patterns and enhance the growth of her client and his family. Which approach is Nafisa using?
systems approach
When an individual is put on trial, what has to be used to determine if an insanity plea can be made?
the M'Naghten Rule
Luis uses his school's learning management system to make sure his students do not have too many assignments due on the same day. Luis is trying to avoid what kind of hassle?
time-pressure hassle
Derris's mom used to give him gold stars on their refrigerator whenever he would help out around the house. If Derris earned enough gold stars, then he could have some ice cream after dinner. This type of reward system is called a ________.
token economy
Sean's client, Jacob, had quickly become unusually close to him, almost as if they were brothers. The term for this according to psychoanalytic therapy is what?
transference
Which technique is associated with client-centered therapy?
unconditional positive regard
Tyler smokes cigarettes. There is currently a measure being brought before their city to place an additional tax on nicotine products. Tyler is against this tax and votes against it. The factor motivating his attitude is ________.
vested interest
Which of the following statements is true of the biological views that explain the origins of anxiety disorders?
A predisposition toward anxiety, in the form of a highly reactive autonomic nervous system, can be inherited.
Prefrontal lobotomy was pioneered by ________.
Antonio Egas Moniz
Which of the following statements is true of approach-approach conflicts?
Both goals involved in these conflicts are attainable.
All stereotypes are, by definition, negative.
False
Aversive conditioning is a gradual process in which the clients learn to handle increasingly disturbing stimuli while anxiety to each one is being counter conditioned.
False
Client-centered therapists focus on telling clients what to do, instead of helping them arrive at their own decisions.
False
Diffusion of responsibility increases helping behaviors in groups because tasks can be handed out with each person focusing on one task and performing it better.
False
In modern psychodynamic therapies, there is more focus on the id and less emphasis on the ego.
False
Susan is in the alarm reaction stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome. In this scenario, which of the following is most likely to occur?
Her body is aroused and she experiences a fight-or-flight reaction
Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy used by psychotherapists?
It allows the therapist to work with several clients at once.
Bernadine invited several of her clients to have therapy sessions together instead of individually in order to use which advantage of group therapy?
It is more economical.
Which of the following statements is true of social facilitation?
It is the process by which a person's performance is increased when other members of a group
Letîf is angry at his brother for criticizing his parenting style. Even though he doesn't realize that he's doing it, he now behaves in a much stricter fashion with his kids because of the criticism he received. Which part of this scenario was the activating event?
Letîf's parenting was criticized by his brother.
Andrada is a person with manic-depressive disorder. Which of the following drugs is Andrada most likely going to be prescribed?
Lithium
In the context of the humanitarian reform movements during the 18th century, which of the following happened when Philippe Pi
Patients profited from kindness and freedom
According to Gestalt therapy, which of the following statements is true?
People don social masks, pretending to be things that they are not.
Ivan's therapist chose to use cuento therapy to help him with depression because Ivan belongs to which of the following ethnic groups?
Puerto Rican
Who among the following exhibits a characteristic of psychological hardiness?
Roanne, who sees change as an opportunity to grow.
Dion is a 24-year-old African American man who is of middle class socioeconomic status. He has a master's degree in engineering. Which of the following people is he most likely to date based on the attraction-similarity hypothesis?
Sanja who is a 25-year-old, black woman with her master's degree in political science.
Who of the following would be the most likely to believe that dreams reveal unconscious impulses?
Sigmund Freud
Which of the following statements is true of chemistry involved in aggression?
Testosterone appears to affect the tendencies to dominate and control other people.
In the context of stress and the immune system, which of the following is true of steroids?
Their persistent secretion interferes with the formation of antibodies.
Which of the following statements is true of attribution theory?
We are biased toward making dispositional attributions when we explain other people's behavior.
When someone changes their behavior to adhere to social norms, they are ________.
conforming
Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy ________.
is directive in nature
People with delusional disorder hold persistent, delusional beliefs that sound plausible and are never bizarre.
False
People with lower self-efficacy expectations have biological as well as psychological reasons for remaining calmer and are less prone to be disturbed by adverse events.
False
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs within a month of a traumatic event and lasts from two days to four weeks, while acute stress disorder can occur six months or more after the event and tends to persist.
False
Psychological disorders are predictable responses to specific events.
False
Rates of suicide and suicide attempts are similar among various ethnic groups and according to gender.
False
The most complex form of conflict is the approach-avoidance conflict, in which each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses.
False
Wilfred wants his client to integrate the conflicting parts of his personality in order to resolve his problems. Which approach is Wilfred following?
Gestalt
Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?
Like client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy assumes that people disown parts of themselves that might meet with social disapproval or rejection.
Which of the following are some of the differences between life changes and daily hassles?
Many life changes are positive and occur less frequently
Eddie is a person with addiction. After eleven years sober, he became addicted to painkillers. He tried to hide it from his friends and family, but eventually he admitted his problem and took responsibility. Which process did Eddie use in this situation?
active coping
Mina was molested by a male colleague a week ago. Since then, she has been overwhelmed with feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Her doctor refers to her condition as ___________.
acute stress disorder
The resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome is also known as which stage?
adaptation
The fear of open, crowded places is called ________.
agoraphobia
The body's production of excessive amounts of noradrenaline and adrenaline are linked to which type pf disorders?
anxiety disorders
Enduring behavioral and cognitive tendencies that are learned and expressed by evaluating particular people, places, or things with favor or disfavor are known as ________.
attitudes
In order for Tonya to stop smoking, her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?
aversive conditioning
Gabby dislikes going to the dentist, but she does it to keep her teeth and mouth healthy. What kind of conflict is Gabby experiencing?
avoidance-avoidance
In the context of evidence-based practices, which of the following treatments would be most effective in treating depression, developmental disabilities, and bed-wetting?
behavior therapy
Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as ________.
benzodiazepines
Pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness are examples of which of the following?
biological factors
Which model or perspective of conversion disorders holds that people with the condition are susceptible to being hypnotized?
biopsychosocial perspective
People who experience a preoccupation with exaggerated or imagined physical defects may have which of the following disorders?
body dysmorphic disorder
People who alternate between extremes of adulation in their relationships when their needs are met and loathing when they feel scorned would likely be diagnosed with _____________.
borderline personality disorder
While returning home from his office, Cisco was robbed by two men in his neighborhood. After the incident, Cisco realized that many people had been watching the incident, yet no one had tried to help him fight or catch the culprits. This unwillingness of the people to aid Cisco is an example of the ________.
bystander effect
David was experiencing a lot of stress because he was experiencing some pain in his right foot, the weather was poor, and he owed money to a friend. These types of stress are considered ________.
daily hassles
Tuuli and Tuuka have hit a rough patch in their marriage. They agree to seek counseling in order to figure out what is causing their stress. Which step in problem solving have they taken?
define the problem
Delmar believes that he has been sent to earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to a female is doomed to be a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are absurd. Delmar's behavior best exemplifies _________.
delusions
A major difference between schizophrenia and paranoid personality disorder is__________.
delusions are not a symptom of paranoid personality disorder.
Neveah believes she is a goddess who has come to Earth on a special mission to save humanity from the coming apocalypse. Neveah also has schizophrenia. What type of specific delusions is she experiencing?
delusions of grandeur
It seemed like no matter what you were talking about, Sam always thought you were talking about him. What type of delusion is he most likely suffering from?
delusions of reference
The spreading or sharing of responsibility for a decision or behavior within a group is known as ________.
diffusion of responsibility
In United States history, literacy tests given in some Southern states in the 1960s as a means to keep African Americans from being able to vote is an example of ________.
discrimination
Amnesia is frequently associated with _________.
dissociative disorders
Depersonalization-derealization disorder falls under which category of diagnoses?
dissociative disorders
Jane has episodes where she cannot remember what she did or where she was. She has found clothes in her closet that do not belong to her. When she goes to see the doctor, she introduces herself as Suzy. Jane is most likely to be diagnosed with:
dissociative identity disorder.
Schizophrenia is characterized by ___________.
disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood
According to research on schizophrenia, which neurotransmitter seems to be "overutilized" in the brain in those affected by the disorder?
dopamine
In the context of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud considered which of the following the "royal road" to the unconscious?"
dreams
Which device monitors brain waves and can be used to teach people how to produce alpha waves, which are associated with relaxation?
electroencephalograph
Anwer is an air-traffic controller, a very stressful job. After work, he likes to meditate and focus on his breath as a way to de-stress. What type of coping is he using?
emotion-focused
According to the different kinds of support for coping with stress, which of the following involves listening to people's problems and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance?
emotional concern
In his career as a social worker, which of these kinds of emotional support is Sven lending when he listens to his client's problems and expresses sympathy?
emotional concern
Julio is a great athlete, he plays better when under the stress of a strong opponent. What is the term for the good stress that Julio uses?
eutress
Which type of psychologist would suggest that people are biologically prepared to be fearful of creatures like spiders and snakes as a way to keep them safe and unharmed?
evolutionary psychologist
When an individual experiences fatigue because of ongoing stress and becomes ill, he or she has most likely reached which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?
exhaustion stage
Which of the following is the third stage in a group of bodily changes that occur in the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
exhaustion stage
According to the general adaptation syndrome, during the resistance stage, a person typically feels like a heavy burden has been removed from his or her mind.
false
Increasing hypertension and LDL (harmful) serum cholesterol, through medicine if necessary, reduces the risk of coronary heart disease.
false
After a long trip, Yara dozed off in her hotel room, only to be awakened by a spider crawling across her foot. According to Cannon, what is Yara's response to the perceived stressor of the spider?
fight or flight
