Psych Unit 4 Study Guide

According to Latane and Darley, what five things must happen for a person to offer help?

1. Notice 2. Interpret as an emergency/ Overcome pluralistic ignorance 3. Assume responsibility / Overcome diffusion of responsibility 4. Know how to help 5. Just do it

What is aversive racism?

Consciously knowing that every person is equal, but subconsciously treating and judging these minorities differently

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a waythat tends to make it true

What is a filter bubble? What does it have to do with group polarization?

being constantly surrounded by people who think similarly to us

What is the difference between implicit and explicit prejudice / stereotypes?

explicit : consciously aware implicit : outside of awareness

What is the ultimate attribution error? How is it different from the FAE? How does it help maintain stereotypes?

he tendency for persons from one group (the ingroup) to determine that any bad acts by members of an outgroup are caused by internal attributes or traits rather than by outside circumstances or situations, while viewing their positive behaviors as merely exceptions to the rule or the result of luck

What is the out-group homogeneity effect

idea that people in other groups are the same but people in my group are different

What are pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility, and how do they relate to these five things?

pluralistic ignorance : a situation in which a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but incorrectly assume that most others accept it, and therefore go along with it. diffusion of responsibility: a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present. the individual assumes that others either are responsible for taking action or have already done so.

Define stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination, noting how each is different.

stereotype : cognitive; generalization about what is typical for members of a group prejudice : emotional; a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one's membership in a particular social group discrimination : behavioral; negative action toward an individual as a result of one's membership in a particular group

Describe and give an example of group polarization.

group polarization - refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members.