Psych: Unit 5
Sleep talking may occur during
any stage of sleep
One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.
dreaming
Research has indicated that hypnosis
enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia
According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to
its underlying but censored meaning
Deep sleep appears to play an important role in
physical growth
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.
psychoactive
What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiate?
the brain stops producing endorphins
After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember
the next day the names of the people he talked to and what was said while drinking
Which of the following is true of "hypnotically refreshed" memories?
they combine fact and fiction
The sleep cycle repeats itself rightly every
90 minutes
The original sleep studies done by Eugene Aserinsky were made possible by the use of
EEG
What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?
It can be used as an all-purpose excuse to explain away behaviors
An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of
LSD
Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?
LSD
In which state of sleep are you likely to experience dreams?
REM
In our normal sleep cycle, as we progress through the night, our
REM periods increase while our Delta period decreases
Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through
REM sleep
His initial discovery was
REM sleep
Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have
a rich fantasy life
Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:
age regression
Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?
alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous nervous system activity and can lead to death
Francois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?
amphetamines
LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to, and therefore block the actions of, a subtype of the neurotransmitter serotonin. At the synapse, these drugs act as a(n)
antagonist
Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams
are triggered by random bursts of neural activity
Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a "truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n)
barbiturate
The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was
behaviorism
To move beyond the "hypnosis is social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciousness" debate, today's hypnosis researchers are using a unified ________ approach.
biopsychosocial
When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by
blocking the reuptake of dopamine
Which of the following represents a circadian rhythm?
body temperature rises each day as morning approaches
Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called
depressants
A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called
dissociation
People hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. This most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves
dissociation
The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves
dissociation
Evidence that people in a posthypnotic state have no difficulty remembering everything they had learned while under hypnosis would most clearly serve to challenge
dissociation theory
Aserinsky experimented on
his own son
The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that
humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep
Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because
hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain
Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that
hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects
Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.
increase; decrease
Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from
insomnia
Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep
is involved in the memory process
The suprachiasmatic nucleus is triggered to suppress the pineal glands production of our sleep hormone by
light
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.
manifest
Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that
many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help
The sleep hormone produced by the pineal gland is
melatonin
The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that
most mammals experience REM rebound
Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?
narcolepsy
About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from
night terrors
Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote
obesity
Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are
often a combination of fact and fiction
Consciousness is
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that
people are more likely to dream of failure than of success
While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of
posthypnotic suggestion
How did the definition of psychology change when behaviorism began to dominate the field?
psychology centered on direct observation of our actions
Which of the following sleep theories emphasizes sleep's role in improving athletic performance?
recuperation
Alcohol consumption is LEAST likely to make people more
self-conscious
Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?
sleep apnea
The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of
social influence
Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with
social influence theory
Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds
spend less time in deep sleep
After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in
threatening dreams
As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of
tolerance
Researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in
treating obesity
Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to
viral infections