Psych: Unit 5

Sleep talking may occur during

any stage of sleep

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

dreaming

Research has indicated that hypnosis

enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to

its underlying but censored meaning

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

psychoactive

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiate?

the brain stops producing endorphins

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

the next day the names of the people he talked to and what was said while drinking

Which of the following is true of "hypnotically refreshed" memories?

they combine fact and fiction

The sleep cycle repeats itself rightly every

90 minutes

The original sleep studies done by Eugene Aserinsky were made possible by the use of

EEG

What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions?

It can be used as an all-purpose excuse to explain away behaviors

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of

LSD

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?

LSD

In which state of sleep are you likely to experience dreams?

REM

In our normal sleep cycle, as we progress through the night, our

REM periods increase while our Delta period decreases

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through

REM sleep

His initial discovery was

REM sleep

Twenty-two-year-old Felicia scores high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia may also have

a rich fantasy life

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:

age regression

Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill?

alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous nervous system activity and can lead to death

Francois was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

amphetamines

LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to, and therefore block the actions of, a subtype of the neurotransmitter serotonin. At the synapse, these drugs act as a(n)

antagonist

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity

Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a "truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n)

barbiturate

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

behaviorism

To move beyond the "hypnosis is social influence" versus "hypnosis is divided consciousness" debate, today's hypnosis researchers are using a unified ________ approach.

biopsychosocial

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by

blocking the reuptake of dopamine

Which of the following represents a circadian rhythm?

body temperature rises each day as morning approaches

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

depressants

A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called

dissociation

People hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. This most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves

dissociation

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves

dissociation

Evidence that people in a posthypnotic state have no difficulty remembering everything they had learned while under hypnosis would most clearly serve to challenge

dissociation theory

Aserinsky experimented on

his own son

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that

humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation from the emotional suffering that people expect from pain

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.

increase; decrease

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from

insomnia

Researchers have demonstrated that people trained to perform tasks recall them better after a night's sleep than after several hours awake. This finding suggests that sleep

is involved in the memory process

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is triggered to suppress the pineal glands production of our sleep hormone by

light

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.

manifest

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that

many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help

The sleep hormone produced by the pineal gland is

melatonin

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that

most mammals experience REM rebound

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

narcolepsy

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from

night terrors

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

obesity

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

often a combination of fact and fiction

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that

people are more likely to dream of failure than of success

While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of

posthypnotic suggestion

How did the definition of psychology change when behaviorism began to dominate the field?

psychology centered on direct observation of our actions

Which of the following sleep theories emphasizes sleep's role in improving athletic performance?

recuperation

Alcohol consumption is LEAST likely to make people more

self-conscious

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders?

sleep apnea

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious processes is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of

social influence

Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with

social influence theory

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds

spend less time in deep sleep

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in

threatening dreams

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of

tolerance

Researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in

treating obesity

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to

viral infections