PSYCH101: Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
Body dysmorphia
a distorted body image
Habit
a patter or behavior in which we regularly engage
Anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder where a person starves themselves and continues to exercise
Self-efficacy
an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task
Arousal theory
an optimal level of arousal needs to be maintained
William James (Theory of motivation)
behavior is motivated by instincts (which aid survival), instinct theory
Builimia nervosa
binge-eating followed by purging
The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization
biological; social
Instinct theory
created by William James, behavior is motivated by instincts that aid survival
The statiety hormone is called
leptin
Greg is 5'3 and 260 pounds, he is _______.
obese
After nearly hitting a deer with her car, Nadia's heart began to race and her palms started sweating. Which of the following responses is consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion
After she noticed her racing heart and sweaty palms, Nadia concluded that she was scared
Cannon-Bard Theory
physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously (stimulus --> bodily response AND emotion)
Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.
physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Schater-Singer Theory (Two-Factor)
stimulus leads to bodily arousal and labeling of the arousal (stimulus --> bodily response --> emotion label --> emotion)
Intrinsic motivation
the act itself is motivating or internally rewarding
Homeostasis (drive-theory)
the balance among the body's systems and processes
What is a primary emotion?
fear
Set-point theory
asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change
Schater-Singer Two-Factor THeory
emotion consists of physiological and cognitive factors
James-Lange Theory
emotions result from physiological arousal (stimulus ---> bodily response ---> emotion)
Overaroused
engage in behavior to reduce arousal
Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs
esteem
Example of over justification effect
getting paid for a task you already enjoy, causing you to not enjoy it
Yerkes-Dodson Law
high arousal levels = easier tasks are easy low arousal levels = complex tasks are easy
Drive-theory
maintenance of homeostasis, deviation creates physiological needs, biological needs (ex. hunger)
Extrinsic motivation
motivation arises from external factors
Bandura (Theory of motivation)
motivation derives from expectations, held about consequences and behaviors
Underaroused
seek out motivation
According to Maslow, developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in
self-actualization
Motivation
wants or needs that direct behavior towards a goal