Psychology 101 Chapter 12 Learning Curve a and b

rationalization

A defense mechanism called _____ offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.

Karen Horney

A prominent neo-Freudian named _____ believed that childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security.

Self-concepts

A psychology instructor asks his class to write down all of their thoughts and feelings about themselves. This exercise is a way to describe:

Self transcendence

According to Abraham Maslow, the desire for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self refers to the motive for _____.

Acceptance

According to Carl Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote personality growth. They are genuineness, _____, and empathy.

Self-esteem

All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Abraham Maslow, this suggests that he will next seek to satisfy his need for:

Superego

Although Blaine is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. Blaine most clearly demonstrates a(n) weak _____.

Neo-freudians

As theorists, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Karen Horney are all considered to be _____.

Unconscious

For the most part, psychologists no longer refer to the id, ego, and superego, or classify their patients according to psychosexual development. However, with support from decades of psychological research, they do assume that much of our mental life is _____.

Conscientiousness

Frieda is organized, careful, and disciplined. She would likely score very highly on a personality test that measures:

Conscientiousness

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit the MOST?

Self-concept

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of a positive _____.

Predictable

In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. In order to do so, you cite one of the criticisms of the trait perspective, namely that people do not act with _____ consistency, and behavior varies from one situation to the next.

Altruism

In promoting personality growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes each of these EXCEPT:

Cognitive

Many researchers believe that the unconscious is not a repository of seething emotions, but rather a cooler information-processing center. This notion best reflects the _____ perspective in psychology.

Predict

Modern psychological researchers criticize Sigmund Freud's ideas because they claim they offer after-the-fact explanations, but fail to _____ behavior and traits.

Jung

Of the neo-Freudians, which theorist placed the LEAST emphasis on social influences during childhood?

Conscientiousness

Practical is to careful as low openness is to high _____.

extraversion

Psychologists would use _____ to assess whether a single personality trait is reflected in a cluster of characteristics (e.g., ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance).

Emotions

Recent research suggests that the unconscious involves the _____ that activate(s) instantly, before conscious analysis.

Personality inventory

Rorschach Inkblot Test is the MMPI as projective test is to _____.

Extraversion

The Big Five personality factor known as_____ involves the following endpoints: sociable versus retiring and affectionate versus reserved.

Emotional disorders

The MMPI was originally developed to identify _____ disorders.

Objective test

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n)

Agreeableness

This Big Five personality factor _____ involves the following endpoints: soft-hearted versus ruthless, trusting versus suspicious, and helpful versus uncooperative.

Alfred Adler

This neo-Freudian psychologist said, "The individual feels at home in life and feels his existence to be worthwhile just so far as he is useful to others..."

Stability-instability

Two dimensions mentioned by Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck include extraversion-introversion and emotional _____.

Denial

Vaughan is attracted to other males. Instead of admitting that he is gay, Vaughan attempts not to think about it. However, he still has dreams with homosexual imagery in them. According to the psychoanalytical perspective, Vaughan is using _____,

A substantial impact on the field

What did humanistic psychology share with the psychodynamic perspective?

Ego>>superego>>id

Which alternative correctly orders Freud's personality structures from MOST conscious to LEAST conscious?

false consensus

Your textbook notes that "people who . . . break speed limits . . . think many others do likewise." Your textbook states that this is an example of what contemporary psychologists call the _____effect.

Unconditional positive regard

____ is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person; this attitude nurtures growth in others.

Adler

____ is to inferiority as Horney is to anxiety.

self- actualization

according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation

Unconditional positive regard

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.

self- concept

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"

Humanistic theories

view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth.