Psychology 101 Chapter 12 Learning Curve a and b
rationalization
A defense mechanism called _____ offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.
Karen Horney
A prominent neo-Freudian named _____ believed that childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security.
Self-concepts
A psychology instructor asks his class to write down all of their thoughts and feelings about themselves. This exercise is a way to describe:
Self transcendence
According to Abraham Maslow, the desire for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self refers to the motive for _____.
Acceptance
According to Carl Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote personality growth. They are genuineness, _____, and empathy.
Self-esteem
All of Ernest's basic physiological and safety needs have been met, and he feels a solid sense of belonging and of being loved. According to Abraham Maslow, this suggests that he will next seek to satisfy his need for:
Superego
Although Blaine is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. Blaine most clearly demonstrates a(n) weak _____.
Neo-freudians
As theorists, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Karen Horney are all considered to be _____.
Unconscious
For the most part, psychologists no longer refer to the id, ego, and superego, or classify their patients according to psychosexual development. However, with support from decades of psychological research, they do assume that much of our mental life is _____.
Conscientiousness
Frieda is organized, careful, and disciplined. She would likely score very highly on a personality test that measures:
Conscientiousness
Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit the MOST?
Self-concept
Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of a positive _____.
Predictable
In a psychology class debate on the trait perspective, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. In order to do so, you cite one of the criticisms of the trait perspective, namely that people do not act with _____ consistency, and behavior varies from one situation to the next.
Altruism
In promoting personality growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes each of these EXCEPT:
Cognitive
Many researchers believe that the unconscious is not a repository of seething emotions, but rather a cooler information-processing center. This notion best reflects the _____ perspective in psychology.
Predict
Modern psychological researchers criticize Sigmund Freud's ideas because they claim they offer after-the-fact explanations, but fail to _____ behavior and traits.
Jung
Of the neo-Freudians, which theorist placed the LEAST emphasis on social influences during childhood?
Conscientiousness
Practical is to careful as low openness is to high _____.
extraversion
Psychologists would use _____ to assess whether a single personality trait is reflected in a cluster of characteristics (e.g., ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance).
Emotions
Recent research suggests that the unconscious involves the _____ that activate(s) instantly, before conscious analysis.
Personality inventory
Rorschach Inkblot Test is the MMPI as projective test is to _____.
Extraversion
The Big Five personality factor known as_____ involves the following endpoints: sociable versus retiring and affectionate versus reserved.
Emotional disorders
The MMPI was originally developed to identify _____ disorders.
Objective test
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n)
Agreeableness
This Big Five personality factor _____ involves the following endpoints: soft-hearted versus ruthless, trusting versus suspicious, and helpful versus uncooperative.
Alfred Adler
This neo-Freudian psychologist said, "The individual feels at home in life and feels his existence to be worthwhile just so far as he is useful to others..."
Stability-instability
Two dimensions mentioned by Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck include extraversion-introversion and emotional _____.
Denial
Vaughan is attracted to other males. Instead of admitting that he is gay, Vaughan attempts not to think about it. However, he still has dreams with homosexual imagery in them. According to the psychoanalytical perspective, Vaughan is using _____,
A substantial impact on the field
What did humanistic psychology share with the psychodynamic perspective?
Ego>>superego>>id
Which alternative correctly orders Freud's personality structures from MOST conscious to LEAST conscious?
false consensus
Your textbook notes that "people who . . . break speed limits . . . think many others do likewise." Your textbook states that this is an example of what contemporary psychologists call the _____effect.
Unconditional positive regard
____ is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person; this attitude nurtures growth in others.
Adler
____ is to inferiority as Horney is to anxiety.
self- actualization
according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation
Unconditional positive regard
according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
self- concept
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
Humanistic theories
view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth.
