Psychology 2e - Chapter 12 Reading Quiz

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? having the group leader make their position known before discussion begins seeking outside opinions on group decisions voting publicly in front of group members avoiding the development of any contingency plans

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

Which statement about groupthink is correct? Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on. Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. Cognitive dissonance Social loafing Group polarization Social facilitation

Group polarization

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam. Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are. Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs.

People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior.

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. Collectivism Dispositionism Situationism Moralism

Dispositionism

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. John Cacioppo Philip Zimbardo Solomon Asch Stanley Milgram

Philip Zimbardo

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon Simon bites his mother Simon goes to sleep Simon retreats to a corner and mopes

Simon bites his mother

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? lowball technique foot-in-the-door technique effort justification strategy door-in-the-face strategy

foot-in-the-door technique

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites because girls are found to spend more time online

because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love. fatuous companionate romantic consummate

companionate

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgramâ s instructions. ally union confederate associate

confederate

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. availability heuristic confirmation bias representativeness bias self-fulfilling prophecy

confirmation bias

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love. companionate romantic consummate fatuous

consummate

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. cognitive dissonance diffusion of responsibility aggression prosocial behavior

diffusion of responsibility

When Jacob came home from work upset about a disagreement he'd had with his boss, his wife Jodi sat down to listen to him. She imagined the argument that had occurred, and tried to understand how her husband was feeling. Jodi is demonstrating a high level of ________. sympathy empathy infatuation instrumental support

empathy

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?" gender dysphoria homophobia transphobia asexuality

homophobia

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. She thinks that those who do not play chess must be less intelligent than those who do, and thus she doesn't want to spend time with them. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias. scapegoating confirmation out-group in-group

in-group

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. just-world equal status come-uppance equipoentiality

just-world

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. normative groupthink informational confirmatory

normative

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. peripheral central compliance haloed

peripheral

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities set of instructions to be carried out without deviation prescription for psychotropic medicine

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________. infatuation altruism groupthink reciprocity

reciprocity

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. effort justification scapegoating in-group bias confirmation bias

scapegoating

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone students cannot be trusted in roles of authority students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom? people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing

students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

What is the single most important fact that predicts the person with whom you will become friends or have a romantic relationship? your financial wellbeing your physical attractiveness the amount of contact you have with people your similarity to others you meet

the amount of contact you have with people

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. the self-serving bias the fundamental attribution error the actor-observer effect groupthink

the fundamental attribution error

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? when the correct choice is unclear when they feel sure of their own decisions when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions when they really want to be liked by a group of peers

when the correct choice is unclear