Psychology

Who is considered the father of psychology?

Wilhelm Wundt

perspective

a specific way of thinking or view

the ACT examination

independent variable

social psychologist

interested in the way people interact

descriptive statistics

mathematical summaries of results

A negative correlation _____.

means one variable goes up and the other goes down

American high schools

population

qualitative

research that explores the "why" and "how" of situations

cognitive psychology

considers thoughts, desires, and motives

correlation

relationship between two variables

The six major subfields of psychology are:

- Clinical - Counseling - Social - Experimental - School - Developmental

What is the mean of 4, 6, 8, 20, 12?

10

cognition

a person's ability to think

experimental group

group that receives the experimental treatment

What is the major difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

Only psychiatrists attended medical school. Only psychiatrists can give medicine to clients. Both A and C

What makes psychoanalysis different from behaviorism?

Psychoanalysis considers introspection and examines the subconscious.

behaviorism

considers actions and behavior only

discipline

a branch of knowledge

sample

a group of people selected from a population

A good sample _____.

allows you to generalize results

psychiatrist

mental health professional who attended medical school

During lunch you watch your friend, Jordan, insert a dollar into the vending machine. Shortly after the bill is inserted, nothing happens, and the bill doesn't come back out. You then see Jordan hitting and kicking the machine. How would a behaviorist interpret the hitting and kicking?

Jordan is mad because the machine ate the dollar bill.

perception

a personal view of a situation; ability to understand the senses

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that often develops after the teens, usually occurring in a person's twenties. Which mental health professional is the best recommendation for a friend who confides to you that she fears she might have schizophrenia?

clinical psychologist

If you needed some help working through family problems, who would be the best choice to seek it from?

counseling psychologist

variable

something that is likely to change

A social psychologist would study _____.

why people in lines at the grocery store don't talk to each other

forensic psychologist

works with the justice system

Descriptive statistics are useful because _____.

you can analyze results and draw conclusions

Psychology literally means the study of behavior and actions.

False

Why did humanists not like behaviorism?

Humanists felt that behaviorism reduced people to mere animals

Why is a survey better than a case study to find out people's preferences for wearing certain shoe brands?

Surveys allow many people to report their personal opinions.

What is not a major field in psychology?

actionism

psychologist

mental health professional who has a Ph.D.

11th graders

sample

mean

sum of all numbers divided by the total number of scores; the average

population

a whole group of people

median

the middle number in a set of ordered numbers

mode

the number that occurs most often in a given set of numbers

What is not a major field in psychology?

totalism

A hypothesis allows you to predict the potential outcome of your research experiment.

true

id

unconcious; biological tendencies

What is not a reason correlations are useful?

Correlations allow you to determine causes.

Who made advances to our understanding of the conscious and unconscious mind?

Freud

Who is considered the leader of classical conditioning?

Ivan Pavlov

Why is a longitudinal study better than a cross-sectional study for examining how many years cancer survivors stay in remission?

Longitudinal studies allow you to study changes over time.

Which are examples of a population and its potential sample?

Orchestra: Woodwind Players Library: Personal Book Collection All Men: Heart Attack Survivors Family: Teenager Smokers: People Who Have Lung Cancer School District: High School

conditioning

Pavlov's dogs

What is the difference between psychoanalysis and psychophysics?

Psychophysics studies the five senses and their reaction to stimuli. Psychoanalysis attempts to resolve conflict.

What makes the id different from the superego?

The id is part of the unconscious mind, and the superego is always conscious.

ego

aware of guilt and inadequate feelings

A _____ is a type of variable that is not accounted for in a research experiment.

confounding variable

superego

conscious; moral, forces ego to consider ideal not just reality

Gestalt

considers patterns

humanism

considers the empathy and self-worth of people

disorder

disturbance in mental health

scientific method

experimental method used to find fact and separate opinions

You are preparing to do a hard task and so you say to yourself, "I can do it!" What is this an example of?

motivational self-speech

A researcher conducts an experiment to find out how many people experience "brain freeze" after eating a cold dessert. One group of people are given ice cream cones to eat, and the other group is given pie to eat. Which group is the experimental group?

people who are given ice cream to eat

What is the difference between behaviorism and humanistic psychology?

Behaviorism focuses on observable actions only and humanists focus on the whole person.

Prior to 1879, people who studied behavior associated themselves with:

Biology

How are clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists similar?

Both meet with clients and listen and offer help with problems.

What would a developmental psychologist say about a young child who throws a temper tantrum?

Tantrums are developmentally normal for young children.

What is the best way to explain the role of the ego?

The ego is a mediator between the superego and id.

Psychology literally means the study of the mind.

True

A researcher wants to find out if children have higher levels of aggression if they play violent video games. What is the dependent variable?

aggression

What is not an example of a social influence? an aunt or uncle, your best friend, a teacher

all are social influences

clinical

concerned with the treatment of disease

educational psychologist

concerned with the way people learn

If your parents were going through a divorce and you needed to talk to someone, who would be the best professional to see?

counseling psychologist

psychoanalysis

explores consciousness and unconsciousness

control group

group used for comparison that doesn't receive experimental treatment

empathy

identifying with someone's situation or feelings

A researcher wants to study finches in their natural habitat. What type of qualitative research method is best to use?

observational/naturalistic observation

Why are correlations useful?

- Correlations consider relationships. - Correlations allow you to make inferences.

Which are true statements about psychoanalysis and psychophysics?

- Psychoanalysis involves therapy and personal exploration. - Psychophysics experiments with the five senses. - Psychoanalysis considers the role of the conscious mind

You cheated on a test, and you know it was the wrong thing to do. According to the psychoanalytic theory, what helped you know this?

- The superego acted as your moral conscience; you just knew that it wasn't right to cheat. - The ego made you feel guilty as a defense mechanism.

What is the purpose of using the Scientific Method?

- This method allows people to separate fact from fiction. - This method allows people to conduct orderly research. - This method allows people to make new discoveries.

psychophysics

psychology field that studies physical stimuli and human sensations and mental states

debrief

revealing and explaining all aspects of an experiment to a participant

You are a junior in high school and have always been fascinated with bridges. You think it would be great to build bridges for a living but have no idea that you should study engineering in college to accomplish this goal. You've decided that it's time to talk to someone who can help you plan for college and give you guidance and the information you need. Who should you talk to?

school psychologist

biological perspective

study of anatomy

zone of proximal development

the gap between a person's current level of development and the potential development that can be achieved

psychology

the study of how people think and behave

introspection

to look within yourself

abnormal

unusual; different from the expected

experimental psychologist

uses the scientific method

Humanistic psychologists believe that people:

- are more than just parts; - are meaningful; - are aware; - have choice; - have purpose and intent.

What is the difference between behaviorism and cognitive psychology?

Behaviorism focuses on actions only. Cognition focuses on people's thoughts, desires, and motives.

What associations does a dog make when being conditioned to drool at the sound of the bell?

The dog associates the sound of a bell with getting food.

anxiety

dependent variable

Psychophysics is the study of _____.

people's reactions and perceptions to stimuli

What is the correct order in which these theories emerged, from earliest to latest?

psychodynamic, behaviorism, humanistic, cognition

What is the mode of 4, 7, 7, 7, 4, 6, 6, 6, 7?

7

What is the median of 6, 7, 9, 12, 15?

9

What are the steps of the scientific method?

1. observation 2. research 3. hypothesis 4. test 5. data analysis 6. communication

What is the median of 5, 7, 2, 4, 3?

4

What first made Pavlov interested in studying dogs and their salivation responses?

Pavlov noticed that the dogs salivated at the sight of a lab worker, even though the worker didn't have food to feed them.

What is not something a humanist would believe about people?

People can be analyzed into basic parts.

What did Wundt's pendulum experiment demonstrate?

People need time to shift between two different stimuli.