Psychology

Etiology is another word for ________.

causes

What is the Flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

Id is the

unconscious

Cattell's personality test identified ________ personality traits that were scored on a continuum from high to low.

16

Kyron is driving down the highway when the car in front of him gets a flat tire, swerves, and steers onto the side of the road. Kyron slams on his brakes, jumps out of his car, and runs to help the complete stranger even though he smells smoke coming from the car. Kyron's behaviors demonstrate ________.

Bystander intervention

Preliminary, non-experimental, research that gathers information about behavior is called ________ research.

Descriptive

An experiment is valid if it ________.

measures what it is supposed to measure

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

Theory

The defining feature of Generalized Anxiety Disorder is:

exessive worry

Which of the following is a sign of borderline personality disorder?

fear or abandonment

As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment.

humanism

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

Consummate loves includes

intimacy, passion, commitment

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

seek outside opinions on group discussions

Low levels of ________ are linked to depression, aggression, impulsivity, and suicide.

serotonin

A short (10 minute) period of time characterized by intense anxiety is known as a(n):

panic attack

Psychology refers to the ________.

scientific study of the mind

Which psychological domain would include a study of memory and intelligence?

cognitive

________ psychologists emphasized the importance of thoughts and internal mental states instead of just observable actions.

cognitive

People who live in ________ cultures value social harmony, respectfulness, and group needs.

collectivist

Which school of thought emphasized the use of introspection to categorize and break down sensations into basic elements?

structuralism

Cognitive psychology focuses on

studying thoughts

Franz Gall, a German physician, proposed ________, the idea that the distances between bumps on the skull reveal a person's personality traits, character, and mental abilities.

four tempermant theory

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

freduian slip

________ developed a personality theory based around Hippocarates' original concept of four temperaments.

gallen

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principles of

gestalt psychology

If Simone has a high score in conscientiousness and a high score in agreeableness on the Big 5 personality test, she is likely to be

hardworking and helpful

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

What is Abraham Maslow best known for?

hierarchy of needs

X'zavia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. Her mother was also bipolar and X'zavia worries her kids might get the disorder as well. Why should she be concerned?

mood disorders have a strong biological

Marietta is studying for a psychology test and is working with flashcards that she made. One of them says the following: "This is a person's characteristic manner of thinking, feeling, behaving, and relating to others." What word will she find when she flips the card over?

personality

Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

practical

________ dictate that guards should be authoritarian and prisoners should be submissive, which is precisely how they were depicted in the Stanford prison experiment.

social scripts - wrong

What is a social role?

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Somatic delusions are those

something high abnormal is happening to ones body

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

adhd

Donald is dishonest and manipulative, often has temper tantrums and wants to have fistfights. These traits have been part of his life for as long as anyone can remember. Which personality disorder seems best to describe Donald?

antisocial personality disorder

Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

Independent ,Dependent

________ topics include emotions, attitudes that things that affect the self, whereas________ topics include prejudice, discrimination, relationships, and group behavior.

Intrapersonal ; Interpersonal

In order for an experiment to be considered verifiable

It must me replicable by another researcher

The average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as________.

one standard deviation above the mean

How does someone who has never been to a Starbucks before know to order and pay at the counter and then wait for their food to be ready?

The individual already has a concept for casual dining at restaurants and can apply this concept to starbucks.

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.

Anal

Examining household sizes during the early 1900s by reading census reports is an example of

Archival research

What is the correct term for a pattern of variation that is noted in a given data set?

Arithmetic Mean

What is true of gossip and story-telling?

As a story is retold, the stereo typical information is likely to be retained

Anna is telling Joy all about Maya's recent engagement. Because they share ________, Anna assumes that Joy knows a little about Maya and George and doesn't need to explain who they are. If Anna were speaking to someone else, she may need to include more details.

Common Ground

Jaimie doesn't have much time before her class, and she still needs to find a ride to the airport, print off her assignment, and text her manager about changing her shift. Her best strategy for solving these problems will be to use

Heuristics A heuristic technique, or a heuristic, is any approach to problem solving or self-discovery that employs a practical method that is not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, or rational, but is nevertheless sufficient for reaching an immediate, short-term goal or approximation

Jerome had bipolar disorder. While eating lunch with some friends, he abruptly changed the conversation topic and went off on irrelevant tangents. He is showing signs of ________.

flight of ideas

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and

C. the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study.

Debrief participants; deception

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Denial

In the example of how violent television programming might affect violent behavior in children, the ________ views violent television programming for a specified time.

Experimental Group

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________.

Extrovert

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

Foot in door

You have a very fragile glass vase that you need to ship to your mother for Mother's Day but you have no packing materials. All you have is the popcorn that you are eating. You don't see that you can use the popcorn as packing material. This is best explained by ________.

Functional fixedness is when we are so fixated on the fact that the object can only be used for one particular function and not any other functions. For example we need a screwdriver to remove screws and that the only function we associate with a screw driver. Functional fixedness makes us unable to discover other functions that an object can perform. It can also hinder us from thinking out of the box. Let us say you want to remove a screw but there is no screw driver and someone suggest that you can use a particular sharp knife to drive the screw around until it is removed , you will be hesitant to believe a knife may help you do the job also.

Jake and Jack are identical twins, but Jake was born almost 15 minutes before Jack. They also have two sisters, Deondra and Daphne, who are 3 years and 6 years younger than them. Who is most likely to have the same IQ score?

Jake and Jack

Manuel thinks that if you want to get positive outcomes in life, all you need to do is work hard. His philosophy supports the ________.

Just world hypothesis

A(an) ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

Morphemes Phonemes are combined to form morphemes, which are the smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning (e.g., "I" is both a phoneme and a morpheme).

You are interested in the amount of time high school students spend talking to their peers during class breaks. You want to determine whether girls are more talkative with other girls than they are with boys. You set up a camera to record a hundred such interactions and you watch the results. Which type of study is this?

Naturaltist observation

Why is it important to use random assignment when determining which research participants will comprise the different treatment groups in the study?

Ransom assignment balances out the differences that might naturally exist between participants

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

Self Serving Bias

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Simon bites his mother

David attempts to minimize the costs of his relationship with Daniel while maximizing benefits. He enjoys Daniel's company, but he tries to avoid helping him move. This is an example of the ________ theory.

Social Exchange

Where in a scholarly article would you expect to find a concise summary of the entire experiment?

abstract

How we feel about various topics (for example, Jarious gets mad at people who use profanity) reflects the ________ component of an attitude.

affective

Billie is a(n) ________ because he believes people over age 65 should have their driver's license suspended, the elderly use up important social resources, and they occupy jobs that should belong to younger, more capable people.

ageist

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti smoking ad with charts and graphs listing the deaths

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder?

behaviorable inhibition

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.

being outside the home alone

Levi is worried that everyone who looks at him notices his chin dimple. In fact, he's so concerned about it, that he doesn't leave the house for days at a time, tries to wear heavy scarves to hide it, and can think of little else. Levi likely has

body dysmorphic disorder

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

congruence

The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture.

contemporized themes

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

The ________ view of mental disorders integrates biological and psychosocial factors.

diathesis stress model

For a few hours after the accident at work, Anna couldn't remember who she was. She was found wandering the streets, and when she was found, her family reported that she was acting really strangely. Anna was experiencing ________.

dissociative fugue

If an experimenter performs an experiment then follows the same methods to conduct the experiment two more times, and gets the same results each time, then there is a high probability that the study ________.

does replicate

Which question(s) would a biopsychologist most likely address when studying schizophrenia?

does stress or exercise effect your nervous system.

Rihanna has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

dyslexia

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n)

illusionary correlation

The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings.

indigenous

Pronouns like "I", "me", and "my" are used more often in ________ cultures.

individualistic

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation.

interactivity to reactivity

Behaviorists study ________.

learned behavior

Research conducted by Jarred Younger and colleagues at Stanford found that

looking at images of a romantic partner or holding hands with a romantic partner was helpful in reducing pain

What is the best description of originality?

low probability, unique

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical

Wendy's belief that rabbits are cute, fun, and intelligent animals is an example of a

natural concept Natural concepts are created "naturally" through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences. ... An artificial concept, on the other hand, is a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics.

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.

normative

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Identifying ________, or minor symptoms of psychosis, such as unusual thought content, paranoia, odd communication patterns or delusions is an helpful in determining which factors and events lead to schizophrenia.

prodromal

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. What is Cordelia most likely experiencing?

ptsd

The ________ Inkblot Test may not reveal too much about personality, but is effective in measuring depression, psychosis, and anxiety.

rorshach

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.

seasonal pattern

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

telling someone with dyslexia that they cannot learn to read

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because ________.

the teachers were more obedient than most people would have predicted