Psychology - Ch. 1
Anna is 45 years old and is suffering from hot flashes and extreme moodiness. From a(n) _____ perspective, Anna's symptoms can be attributed to menopause.
biopsychological
The idea that sexual orientation may be related to the birth order of male children was posited by researchers in the field of:
biopsychology.
_____ focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information.
cognitive psychology
Today, Gestalt ideas are part of which branch of psychology?
cognitive psychology.
Dr. Edwards wants to show a casual relationship between tobacco smoking and cancer. Dr. Edwards should:
conduct an experiment using animal participants.
Mrs. Lewis participated in a study in which she was given no treatment for her condition. Mrs. Lewis was in the _____ group.
control
Which of the following is a guideline for doing research with people?
participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation.
Experimenters control the effects of extraneous or confounding variables upon members of experimental and control groups by using:
random assignment.
What did Watson believe about behavior?
that it is learned.
What is the main advantage of laboratory observations?
the degree of control is gives the researcher.
Sasha sat in the preschool classroom and watched the children play, writing down how well they interacted with each other. The children could see that Sasha was watching them, so they made an attempt to be extra well-behaved for her. Sasha's research will be impacted by:
the observer effect.
Mrs. O'Connor participated in a study in which she was told she would try out a new allergy medicine. She was in the group that received a sugar pill, but she believed that the pill did indeed help control her allergy symptoms. This phenomenon is known as:
the placebo effect.
Because psychologists want to be precise and measure as carefully as they can, they use _____ to study psychology.
the scientific method
Researchers use _____ for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data.
the scientific method
If a correlation coefficient is positive:
the two variables increase in the same direction.
If there is _____ in a medical experiment, the control group will show changes in the dependent variable even if they are given a harmless substance substitute rather than a real drug.
a placebo effect
Dr. Jones wanted to determine what would happen if rats were given food every time they completed a maze. He believed they would learn to complete the maze faster. This belief is called:
a prediction.
An institutional review board reviews:
a study's safety and consideration for the research participants.
All of the following statements about surveys are true EXCEPT:
answers to survey questions are resistant to courtesy bias.
John Watson believed that phobias:
are learned through the process of conditioning.
If deception is necessary, participants must then be _____ after the study.
debriefed
A drug company is determining the effects of a treatment for depression. Neither the researcher nor the participants know who is getting the treatment and who is given a sugar pill. This type of study is:
double-blind.
The psychological perspective that is associated with William James:
functionalism.
Freud believed that personality was formed:
in the first 6 years of life.
Frued's theory of psychoanalysis:
is still in use by professionals today, with less emphasis on sex and sexual motivations.
Correlation will tell researchers all of the following EXCEPT _____ between variables.
is there is causation
A researcher wants to describe children's normal behavior on the playground. The best method for this research is to use:
naturalistic observation.
Researchers who allow their expectations about what they will see to affect the results of their observation studies are suffering from:
observer bias.
When Mary took the survey in the mall, she noticed that the interviewer was wearing an Obama button. She answered the questions favorably toward Obama than she might otherwise, probably because:
of courtesy bias.
If researchers find that people's shoe sizes increase as their height increases, then shoe size and height have a(n):
positive correlation.
A doctor informs that the parents of a 14-year-old that, without hospitalization, her anorexia nervosa will worsen and cause grave medical conditions. The doctor is making a(n):
prediction.
A _____ has a medical degree and is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
psychiatrist
Which of the following psychological professionals must always have a medical degree?
psychiatrist.
Mary is a psychologist who focuses on the role of the conscious and unconscious minds. To which perspective does Mary ascribe?
psychodynamic.
Which of the following illustrates psychology's goal of control?
using rewards to help a smoker give up cigarettes.
