Psychology Ch 1,2,3, & 15

The _______ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events.

diathesis-stress

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder.

dissociative identity

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

In a _______ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments

double-blind

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studies by _______.

evolutionary psychologists

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

experimental

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

The myelin sheath consists of a(n) _________.

glial cell

The ______ is the deep groove that separates the brain into two halves.

longitudinal fissure

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron.

membrane potential

What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?

mid- and top-level management

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive

The space between two neurons is called the ______.

synapse

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

tentative statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ______.

that applies to women who experience an episode of major depression either during pregnancy or in the four weeks following childbirth.

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

longitudinal

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

What is PsyD?

Doctor of Psychology

A(n) _________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.

Theory

Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?

Whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions.

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

_______ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the _____ that contributes to certain behaviors.

biology

_______ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior.

anxiety

_________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships

archival

______ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.

attrition

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests?

autism spectrum disorder

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ______.

being outside the home alone

The possible range for correlation coefficient is ________.

between -1 and +1

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ______.

bio-psychologist

Abbi is a participant in a(n) __________ examining a select few individuals with sickle cell anemia. The researcher sat with Abbi and provided an extensive interview, to gain through insight about her unique presentation and the ways in which this disease has influenced her life.

case study

Etiology is another word for ________.

causes

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the _______and _______.

central; peripheral nervous systems

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

A psychological disorder is a _______.

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

The _______ group does not get the experimental treatment

control

________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.

correlation

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ______ psychology.

developmental

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ______.

hormones

Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

independent; dependent

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?

interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Which of the following is NOT involved in critical thinking?

knowing your opinion is correct

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

post traumatic stress

Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.

receptors; receptors

Green et al. used a ________ from their ________ of interest in order to make a ________.

sample; population; generalization

Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

schizophrenia

Psychology refers to the ________.

scientific study of the mind

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

What is a limitation that affects the generalizability of research results?

small sample size

Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.

substantia nigra; dopamine

The ______ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate and increased respiration.

sympathetic

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ____.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Char heard from her friends that marijuana use can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. Char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. She researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. Char is ________.

thinking critically

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration.