Psychology ch 6

Retinal disparity

A binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.

Convergence

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object.

Visual cliff

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.

Perceptual set

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

Depth perception

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.

Extrasensory perception (ESP)

The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. Said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition.

Figure-ground

The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings.

Grouping

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.

Parapsychology

The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis

Visual Capture

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.

George Stratton

adaptation to optical headgear that changed his directions.

Nostradamus

ambiguous properties could not possibly be understood till interpreted after the event and by it.

Phi phenomenon

an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.

Rick Roades

argued that people were perceiving the things found in Disney movies

John Locke

through experiences we learn to perceive the world

Bob Schloredt

used monocular cues for distance to win ball game

Hoffman

visual intelligence, ripple 3d pic actually being 2d

Wilhelm Wundt

illusions occur with other senses

Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk

saw if newborns and animals could perceive depth though glass container experiment, kids noticed depth

Ulric Neisser and Robert Beacklen and Daniel Cervone

selection of only bits and parts of our visionary context to process. Basketball experiment.

Rogger Sperry

surgically turning eyes upside down to see things in the opposite direction, but resoled in adoption to the inverted world

Selective Attention

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect.

Gestalt

An organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

Monocular cues

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.

Binocular cues

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes.

Hans Wallach

Did the line in line test to explain creative genius

Perceptual constancy

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change.

Richard Warren

brain can work backwards to determine later stimulus to an earlier one

Julie Milton and Richard Wiseman

conducted (above) and the effects did not work

William Molyneux

discussed how someone born blind can adapt parts of their sight

Helen Ross

disk in fog and sun experiment, judging distance

Adelbert Ames

experiment concerning distance of the room with the slanted floor/ wall

Colin Turnbull

experiment with African introduced to dept in a different environment, initially finding it confusing

Muller-Lyer

experiment with strait lines and arrow tips

Peter Thompson

face recognition is with eyes and mouth

Daryl Bem and Charles Honorton

ganzfeld procedure. Sender and recover.

Lew Kulechov

good directors evoke emotion in an audience by defining ac context in which viewers interoperate an actor's expression

Perceptual adaptation

in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.

Blackmore and Cooper

kittens in vertical/ horizontal environment. Selective blindness

Immunuel Kant

knowledge comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences

Plato

perceive objects with the senses through the mind