Psychology ch 6
Retinal disparity
A binocular cue for perceiving depth: By comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.
Convergence
A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object.
Visual cliff
A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.
Perceptual set
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.
Depth perception
The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.
Extrasensory perception (ESP)
The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. Said to include telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition.
Figure-ground
The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings.
Grouping
The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.
Parapsychology
The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
Visual Capture
The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.
George Stratton
adaptation to optical headgear that changed his directions.
Nostradamus
ambiguous properties could not possibly be understood till interpreted after the event and by it.
Phi phenomenon
an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.
Rick Roades
argued that people were perceiving the things found in Disney movies
John Locke
through experiences we learn to perceive the world
Bob Schloredt
used monocular cues for distance to win ball game
Hoffman
visual intelligence, ripple 3d pic actually being 2d
Wilhelm Wundt
illusions occur with other senses
Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk
saw if newborns and animals could perceive depth though glass container experiment, kids noticed depth
Ulric Neisser and Robert Beacklen and Daniel Cervone
selection of only bits and parts of our visionary context to process. Basketball experiment.
Rogger Sperry
surgically turning eyes upside down to see things in the opposite direction, but resoled in adoption to the inverted world
Selective Attention
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect.
Gestalt
An organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Monocular cues
Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.
Binocular cues
Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes.
Hans Wallach
Did the line in line test to explain creative genius
Perceptual constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape, and size) even as illumination and retinal images change.
Richard Warren
brain can work backwards to determine later stimulus to an earlier one
Julie Milton and Richard Wiseman
conducted (above) and the effects did not work
William Molyneux
discussed how someone born blind can adapt parts of their sight
Helen Ross
disk in fog and sun experiment, judging distance
Adelbert Ames
experiment concerning distance of the room with the slanted floor/ wall
Colin Turnbull
experiment with African introduced to dept in a different environment, initially finding it confusing
Muller-Lyer
experiment with strait lines and arrow tips
Peter Thompson
face recognition is with eyes and mouth
Daryl Bem and Charles Honorton
ganzfeld procedure. Sender and recover.
Lew Kulechov
good directors evoke emotion in an audience by defining ac context in which viewers interoperate an actor's expression
Perceptual adaptation
in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.
Blackmore and Cooper
kittens in vertical/ horizontal environment. Selective blindness
Immunuel Kant
knowledge comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences
Plato
perceive objects with the senses through the mind
