Psychology Chapter 1-4 Review

Beta brain waves are ______, and alpha brain waves are _________.

(low frequency) smaller, faster brainwaves associated with a state of mental, intellectual activity and outwardly focused concentration // (high frequency) slower and slightly harder brainwaves typically associated with a relaxed, wakeful state.

Depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called ________.

Binocular cues

Your anatomy professor states that today's lecture will be about the central nervous system. Which parts of the body do you expect to learn about?

Brain and spinal cord

What is the most widely used psychoactive drug?

Caffeine

Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

Cerebellum

Which subspecialty represents the largest group of psychologists?

Clinical psychologists

What is the job of a dendrite?

Conduct impulses toward the cell body, through the cell body, and onto the axon away from the body.

Psychologists refer to the state of awareness of ourselves and the world around us as __________.

Consciousness

A statistical measure of the association between two variables is called a(n)

Correlation coefficient

Fernando just entered a drug treatment center for his chemical dependency. He is currently going through a process in which his body is cleared of drugs. What is this process called?

Detoxification

Actor Michael J. Fox and boxing great Muhammad Ali have a disease that leads to progressive loss of their motor functioning. This condition results from a shortage of

Dopamine

Daydreaming is most likely to occur during which type of consciousness?

Drifting

A movement with modern psychology that applies principles from Darwin's theories is called

Evolutionary Psychology

In which state of consciousness should a person's level of awareness or attention be the highest?

Focused awareness

The American Psychological Association was founded in which year?

Founded in 1892 with 31 members

Which technique can best be described as taking snapshots of the brain in action?

Functional magnetic resonance imagery

Which type of psychologist would be interested in memory loss in elderly individuals?

Geriatric psychology

What psychologists study the relationship between psychological factors and the prevention and treatment of physical illness?

Health psychology

In an experiment, the factor that changes in response to some other factor is referred to as the

Independent variable

Which hormone is involved in regulating blood sugar levels?

Insulin and Glucagon?

Which part of the eye gives a person her/his eye color?

Iris

Who is the only African American to have served as president of the American Psychological Association?

Kenneth Clark

Scientists use the term what to describe the division of functions between the right and left hemispheres of the brain

Lateralization

Harriet uses the most widely used illicit drug in the U.S., as well as the Western world. What is Harriet's drug of choice?

Marijuana

In the endocrine system, ________ is to the pineal gland as _______ is to the pancreas.

Melatonin; insulin and glucagon

The fatty layer of cells that is wrapped around many axons is called the

Myelin sheath

Kendra has a sleep disorder in which she suddenly falls into "sleep attacks" during the daytime. What is the name of Kendra's disorder?

Narcolepsy

In which stage do you spend the majority of your sleep time?

Non-Rem Sleep.

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in the scientific method?

Observation => Hypothesis => Experiment => Communicate results => Conclusion

In 1970, women accounted for about what proportion of new doctorates in psychology?

One in Five

Among teenagers who begin smoking, about what proportion or percentage will eventually die of smoking-related causes?

One in three

Developmental psychologists study which aspects of development across the lifespan?

Physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth.

Which perspective in psychology would suggest that depression is related to changes in brain chemistry?

Physiological

Which gland is best described as the "master gland"?

Pituitary gland

People who abuse more than one drug at a time are called

Polyabusers

What is a growing movement in psychology directed toward studies of human experience such as hope, happiness, and altruism.

Positive Psychology

A _______ is an automatic, unlearned response to a stimulus.

Reflex

What describes the attempt to duplicate research findings reported by other scientists

Replication

Which type of psychologist might administer an intelligence test to your 12-year-old child to determine if he or she should be in special education classes?

School psychologist

Limiting attention to certain stimuli and filtering out other stimuli is called __________.

Selective Attention

The process by which we receive, transform, and process stimuli is

Sensation

Dr. Burlington works with Ivy University's basketball team, where he helps the athletes handle competitive pressures. He is also conducting a study to determine the most important factors influencing athletic performance anxiety. Burlington is probably a(n) _______ psychologist.

Sport

Wundt is to _______ as James is to _______.

Structuralism; Functionalism

Social desirability bias and volunteer bias are problems typically associated with which research method?

Survey methods

The two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system are

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

The fundamental building block of the nervous system is the?

The neuron

In the psychodynamic view, the _____ is an area of the mind that lies beyond the reach of ordinary consciousness.

Unconscious

Which sense monitors the position of your body in space and helps maintain balance?

Vestibular Sense

Sound from which should produce the most danger to hearing upon brief exposure?

a jet airplane

The smallest amount of a stimulus that a person can reliably detect is called _______.

absolute threshold

When you are presented with the following visual information, "A," your brain sees a series of lines and angles in a particular format and interprets this visual information as the letter "A." This is an example of which concept from perception?

bottom up processing

Difference thresholds are determined by a constant fraction of the magnitude of the original stimulus. This is the premise of _________.

constant threshold

Split-brain patients are the result of an operation that severs the _______

corpus callosum

Jason just took PCP and now appears to be mentally confused. He is disoriented and is having difficulty focusing his attention. Jason is likely experiencing ______.

delirium

Reduction of central nervous system activity is the defining feature of

depressants

The minimal difference between two stimuli that people can reliably detect is the ________.

difference threshold

Maladaptive or dangerous use of a chemical substance is referred to as

drug abuse

Impaired control over the use of a drug is called

drug dependence

From a Freudian perspective, the purpose of dreams is to

fulfill underlying wishes

What is the most common sleep disorder?

insomnia

Broca's area is located in the ________, while Wernicke's area is located in the _________.

left frontal lobe; left temporal lobe

Receptors for kinesthesis are located in the ______.

muscles; joints

In the cerebral cortex, ________ is to vision as ________ is to hearing.

occipital lobe; temporal lobe

Narcotics include which type of drug?

opioids

The study of events that cannot be explained by known psychological, physical, or biological mechanisms is referred to as ________.

parapsychology

The process by which the brain interprets stimuli and turns them into meaningful representations of the external world is _________.

perception

What is the brain's ability to adapt and reorganize itself following trauma or surgical alteration.

plasticity

Phineas Gage showed severe personality changes following an accident that damaged his ___________

prefrontal cortex (frontal lobe)

The protective function of sleep refers to the role of sleep in

protecting the animal from nighttime predators

Melatonin, which is secreted by the pineal gland, plays a role in regulating helps _______.

regulate circadian rhythm

To see a dimly lit object at night, the image must fall on your _____.

rods

Amphetamine psychosis resembles acute episodes of which psychological disorder?

schizophrenia

Psychology is best described as a science that

scientifically studies the behavior and mental processes

When sensory systems become less sensitive to unchanging stimuli, it is called ________.

sensory adaption

If you hold a round plate in your hand and turn it from side to side, the image it casts on your retina changes. Yet you still perceive the plate to be round. This phenomenon can be explained by the principle of ________.

shape constancy

When you are watching a movie, what type of apparent movement gives you the perception of a "moving picture"?

stroboscopic

A lesion is

the destruction of a piece of the brain in order to observe what happens

Red, green, and blue-violet light can be combined to create any color of the spectrum. This has been interpreted as supporting ___________.

trichromatic theory of color vision

People with normal color vision are described as ________.

trichromatism

Which suggests that pitch detection is coded by combining frequencies of neurons firing in alternate succession?

volley principle