Psychology Chapter 1 Quizzes

Which of the following is a guideline for doing research with people? Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation. Participants cannot just quit without a valid, logical reason. Participants must understand that confidentiality is not guaranteed. Deception is never justified.

Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation.

If Dr. Byers uses an eclectic approach in her clinical treatment of children, what is it that she is doing? She is relying primarily on one psychological perspective to treat all her patients. She relies heavily on the Freudian psychodynamic perspective to help children who show abnormal behavior. She is using medications with all her patients, especially those suffering from depression. She is using a combination of perspectives to treat different clients.

She is using a combination of perspectives to treat different clients.

Freud believed that personality was formed: around puberty when the sex organs develop. in the first 2 years of life. after a traumatizing event. in the first 6 years of life.

in the first 6 years of life.

Experimenters control the effects of extraneous or confounding variables upon members of experimental and control groups by using: random assignment. independent observers. double-blind studies. placebos.

random assignment.

If a correlation coefficient is positive: the number is represented by the letter p. the two variables increase in the same direction. the two variables have an inverse relationship. only one of the variables goes up.

the two variables increase in the same direction.

In the stereotypes-and-athletes study, who was the control group? those students who did not take part in the study at all those students who completed the survey prior to the intelligence test those students who completed the survey after the intelligence test those students who were not asked to complete the intelligence test

those students who completed the survey after the intelligence test

A famous golfer advertises a new golf bracelet that helps minimize fatigue while playing. If Bethany decides to order the bracelet because she believes that such a well-known personality should know if it works or not, she has made an error in which of the following? All evidence is not equal in quality. Few "truths" do not need to be tested. Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true. Critical thinking requires an open mind.

Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true.

________ focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information. Structuralism Behaviorism Cognitive psychology Objective introspection

Cognitive psychology

Dr. Calvin needs just one more participant to complete her experiment. Lisa, a student of Dr. Calvin, has almost completed the experiment when she announces she wants to quit because the experiment is boring. What options does Dr. Calvin have? Dr. Calvin can require that Lisa finish because students don't have the same rights to quit an experiment as the general public does. Dr. Calvin must let Lisa go and find another participant. Dr. Calvin can require that Lisa finish because boredom is not an acceptable excuse for quitting. Dr. Calvin can make Lisa stay since she is a student of hers and she requires students to take part in her experiments.

Dr. Calvin must let Lisa go and find another participant.

Who is considered to be the father of African American psychology? Robert V. Guthrie Howard Hale Long Charles Henry Thompson Francis Cecil Sumner

Francis Cecil Sumner

Which psychologist dared to ignore the whole consciousness issue and return to a study of scientific inquiry by focusing on observable behavior? William James Ivan Pavlov Sigmund Freud John Watson

John Watson

Anna is 45 years old and is suffering from hot flashes and extreme moodiness. From a(n) _____ perspective, Anna's symptoms can be attributed to menopause. analytical cognitive biopsychological psychodynamic

biopsychological

The famous study of Phineas Gage, who survived when a metal rod pierced his skull, is an example of a laboratory experiment. survey. correlation. case study.

case study.

Dr. Colton identifies himself with the largest subfield of psychology. What kind of psychologist is he? clinical school counseling experimental

clinical

Dr. Edwards wants to show a causal relationship between tobacco smoking and cancer. Dr. Edwards should: find a correlation between smoking and the rates of cancer. conduct an experiment using animal participants. observe people smoking. conduct a telephone survey asking smokers about their health.

conduct an experiment using animal participants.

Mrs. Lewis participated in a study in which she was given no treatment for her condition. Mrs. Lewis was in the ________ group. observed hazard control experimental

control

A drug company is determining the effects of a treatment for depression. Neither the researcher nor the participants know who is getting the treatment and who is given a sugar pill. This type of study is: an institutional review. single-blind. double-blind. quasi-experimental.

double-blind

A researcher asks an assistant to conduct a study on her behalf. She specifically tells her assistant only to share the results anonymously and not include the names of the students along with their scores. Such an experiment would be considered a laboratory observation. single-blind experiment. correlational study. double-blind experiment.

double-blind experiment.

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis focused on introspection. observable behavior. Gestalt perceptions. early childhood experiences.

early childhood experiences.

A psychologist is interested in finding out why married couples seemingly begin to look like each other after several years of marriage. This psychologist is most interested in the goal of explanation. control. prediction. description.

explanation.

The psychological perspective that is associated with William James is: functionalism. structuralism. psychoanalysis. conflict.

functionalism

Which perspective is often referred to as the "third force" in psychology and focuses on a person's freedom of choice in determining their behavior? cognitive psychology humanism behaviorism biopsychological perspective

humanism

Correlation will tell researchers all of the following EXCEPT ________ between variables. how strong the relationship is in what direction the relationship goes if there is causation if there is a relationship

if there is causation

A researcher wants to describe children's normal behavior on the playground. The best method for this research is to use a survey. an experiment. naturalistic observation. a case study.

naturalistic observation.

A researcher finds that as her subjects increased the number of hours they spent exercising, the overall weight of her subjects decreased. This would be an example of a _________ correlation. zero causal negative positive

negative

When Mary took the survey in the mall, she noticed that the interviewer was wearing an Obama button. She answered the questions more favorably toward Obama than she might otherwise have, probably because: she misunderstand the purpose of the survey. of courtesy bias. the survey questions were biased. of observer bias.

of courtesy bias.

In the definition of psychology, the term behavior means overt actions and reactions. internal, covert processes. only animal behavior. outward behavior.

overt actions and reactions.

Which step in the scientific approach is derived from the goal of description? forming a hypothesis drawing conclusions reporting your results perceiving a question

perceiving a question

A ________ has a medical degree and is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. psychiatrist psychiatric social worker psychoanalyst psychologist

psychiatrist

Micah has recently been diagnosed with a psychological disorder that is best addressed initially with medication. He would likely benefit the most by first seeing a ___________. psychiatrist psychoanalyst psychologist psychiatric social worker

psychiatrist

Mary is a psychologist who focuses on the role of the conscious and unconscious minds. To which perspective does Mary ascribe? humanistic behavioral cognitive psychodynamic

psychodynamic

Which perspective best explains the bystander effect whereby individuals will be less likely to help someone in need because of the presence of others close by? cognitive psychology behaviorism psychoanalysis sociocultural

sociocultural

Brianne wants to find an explanation for the behavior of her lab rats in her study. Which step in the scientific approach is she currently focusing on? reporting her results perceiving the question drawing conclusions testing a hypothesis

testing a hypothesis

A researcher wants to study the effects of texting on driving. Students in Group A drive a car in a computer game and see how many virtual accidents they have. Students in Group B are asked to drive the same virtual car but they must respond to and send at least three texts. The number of virtual accidents is measured for each group. What is the independent variable? the virtual car texting the group assignment the number of virtual accidents

texting

What did Watson believe about behavior? that it stems from unconscious motivation that it is learned that it and personality form in the first 6 years of life that it is related to repressed conflict

that it is learned

Sasha sat in the preschool classroom and watched the children play, writing down how well they interacted with each other. The children could see that Sasha was watching them, so they made an attempt to be extra well-behaved for her. Sasha's research will be impacted by: the observer effect. observer bias. an inability to replicate the results. participant observation.

the observer effect.

Double-blind studies control for the placebo effect. the placebo effect and the experimenter effect. extrinsic motivation. the experimenter effect.

the placebo effect and the experimenter effect.

Mrs. O'Connor participated in a study in which she was told she would try out a new allergy medicine. She was in the group that received a sugar pill, but she believed that the pill did indeed help control her allergy symptoms. This phenomenon is known as: the experimenter effect. the mind-over-matter effect. a successful experiment. the placebo effect.

the placebo effect.

Because psychologists want to be precise and measure as carefully as they can, they use ________ to study psychology. mental processes the scientific method introspection functionalism and structuralism

the scientific method

Researchers use ________ for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data. the descriptive methods naturalistic observation case studies the scientific method

the scientific method