PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 1

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?

Studying the function of behavior in the world

In the study of personality, the ________ models includes different traits that are believed to underlie each individual's basic tendencies.

Five Factor

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?

Francis Cecil Sumner

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Gestalt psychology

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

Humanism

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Which of the following is a common requirement of a PhD across different schools and/or countries?

A dissertation

Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex?

Mary Whiton Calkins

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?

Populations of developed nations are living longer

A(n) _______________, also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates an animal from the external environment and allows a researcher to control that animal's awards and punishments

Skinner box

Which of the following is one of the reasons that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?

The rise of behaviorism overshadowed Gestalt psychology

Which individual wrote principles of Physiological Psychology and is credited with establishing a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the University of Leipzig?

Wilhelm Wundt

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ____________.

biopsychologist

When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.

conscientiousness

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in _______ psychology.

developmental

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts