Psychology Chapter 10
The _________ functions according to the moral principle.
superego
In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called _________.
self-actualization
Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes _________.
self-awareness
Jessica is observed to be gloomy and pensive most of the time. According to Hippocrates' view of personality, Jessica is most likely to be associated with a _____ temperament.
melancholic
Lauren is obsessed with the cleanliness of her room. According to the psychosexual stages of personality development, she is fixated at the _____.
anal stage
Eysenck focused on the relationships between two personality traits: _________ and emotional stability-instability.
introversion-extraversion
The Electra complex develops in the _________ of psychosexual development.
phallic stage
The Oedipus complex develops in the _________ of psychosexual development.
phallic stage
According to Freud, the id follows the _____.
pleasure principle
According to Freud, the ego is guided by the _____.
reality principle
Sigmund Freud was the first to develop the _____ of personality.
psychodynamic theories
Skinner believed that the effects of _________ on behavior should be emphasized.
reinforcement
_________ is also termed as modeling.
Observational learning
_____ developed the psychodynamic theory called analytical psychology.
Carl Jung
Jim overhears a classmate explaining to a friend that people are free to do what they choose with their lives and that the meaning of their lives is what they give to it. He further explains that people have unique ways of looking at the world, known as unique frame of reference. The classmate is describing the views of _____.
Carl Rogers
A psychology professor argues that the nature of the mother-infant relationship and social relationships are more crucial determinants of personality than sexual urges. In addition, she argues that we are conscious architects of our own personality. The professor's views are closest to those of _____.
Erik Erikson
_________ in part reflects the horrors of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide, frequent events in the 20th century.
Existentialism
_________ tend to define themselves in terms of their personal identities and to give priority to their personal goals.
Individualists
_________ refers to the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.
Personality
_________ are beliefs that we can accomplish certain things.
Self-efficacy expectations
_________ is a process in psychological testing that checks out the scores, validity, and reliability of a test with people of various ages and from various groups.
Standardization
Karen Horney believed that the view that girls feel inferior to boys was based on _____.
Western cultural prejudice
According to the five-factor model, the five basic personality factors are extraversion, neuroticism, _________, agreeableness, and openness to experience.
conscientiousness
Freud said that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely _____.
conscious, unconscious, and preconscious
The seeds of individualism and collectivism are found in the _________ in which a person grows up.
culture
According to Carl Rogers, _________ refer(s) to the mental images of what we are capable of becoming.
self-ideals
Parents can help children develop self-esteem when they show them _________ regard, or when they accept them as having intrinsic merit regardless of their behavior at the moment.
unconditional positive
Bobby spilled water accidentally on his father's computer, but contrary to expectations, Bobby did not get grounded. His father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assuredBobby that he still loved him, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobby's father's response is an example of _____.
unconditional positive regard
The _________ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression.
unconscious
In psychological testing, _________ refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.
validity
The social cognitive theory is criticized because _________.
it pays less attention to genetic variation in explaining individual differences in behavior
In infancy, Brian did not have the good fortune to have an affectionate mother. His mother suffered from alcoholism and abused drugs. She was always emotionally unavailable to him. As a result, he now has difficulty in his relationships with others and cannot trust people easily. This situation supports the views of the _____.
psychosocial development theory
Chris, a high school student, is looking up the profiles of various colleges to make a decision about which one he wants to attend. Being a confident person, he believes that he will do well at a prestigious university. His belief in his success is called _____ by social cognitive theorists.
self-efficacy expectations
