Psychology Chapter 10 quiz

The temperament category of ________ fits with Kagan's inhibited category, and the category of ________ fits with Kagan's uninhibited category. A. effortful control; negative affectivity B. surgency; negative affectivity C. extraversion; negative affectivity D. negative affectivity; surgency

(NOT A or B)

Although she is upset, Olivia controls her emotions during a heated discussion with a co-worker. Olivia has a high level of emotional A. regulation. B. coaching. C. dismissing. D. arousal.

A

Children of emotion-coaching parents are more likely to A. self-soothe, focus attention, and behave appropriately. B. have more difficulty in focusing their attention. C. have poorer emotion regulation. D. have more difficulty regulating negative effects on their own.

A

Gayle insists that her daughter is being silly and should not be upset by a friend's insensitive comments. Gayle is practicing A. emotion dismissing. B. emotion labeling. C. emotion coaching. D. emotion monitoring.

A

High cortisol levels, high activity in the right frontal brain lobe, and a high and stable heart rate are associated with a(n) ________ temperament. A. inhibited B. uninhibited C. surgency D. extraversion

A

Kierra is a young, single parent who is emotionally distant to her children. When she does interact with them, she often gets frustrated and sends them away from her. What type of attachment are her children likely to form? A. avoidant B. resistant C. secure D. disorganized

A

Social smiling occurs as early as ________ of age in response to a caregiver's voice. A. 4 to 6 weeks B. 3 to 4 months C. 4 to 6 months D. 6 to 8 weeks

A

Stranger anxiety is less likely to appear in conjunction with A. familiar settings. B. feelings of insecurity. C. absence of the mother. D. unfamiliar settings.

A

Which of the following hormones is important in the formation of a mother-infant bond? A. oxytocin B. acetylcholine C. serotonin D. cortisol

A

Which of the following is NOT a recommended parenting strategy to use in relation to a child's temperament? A. Expose the child to situations that make them uncomfortable so they can work on overcoming their fears. B. Avoid applying negative labels to the child. C. Be flexible in responding to the child. D. Be sensitive to the individual characteristics of the child.

A

Which of the following would inhibit an infant's ability to learn about the social world? A. when caregivers show no facial expressions and are unresponsive to infants B. cooperative tasks with peers C. self-produced locomotion skills D. face-to-face play

A

With which Rothbart and Bates' temperament classification does Kagan's uninhibited category most closely coincide? A. extraversion/surgency B. effortful control C. self-regulation D. negative affectivity

A

According to Chess and Thomas, a child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays low intensity moods is characterized as A. difficult. B. slow-to-warm-up. C. uninhibited. D. easy.

B

Baby Natalie is generally in a positive mood. She follows a regular daily routine and is calm during new situations. According to Chess and Thomas, Natalie is A. an uninhibited child. B. an easy child. C. a difficult child. D. a slow-to-warm-up child.

B

Devon clings to his mother. When she leaves the room, he cries loudly, but when she returns to comfort him, he kicks and squirms. Mary Ainsworth would say he is A. securely attached. B. insecure resistant. C. insecure disorganized. D. insecure avoidant

B

Nora limits her socialization to that involving her neighbors, old friends, and family members, and has mostly positive emotions with them. Nora MOST likely is a(n) A. early adult. B. older adult. C. young adult. D. adolescent.

B

Reading emotional cues from others to help determine how to act in a particular situation is known as A. joint attention. B. social referencing. C. emotion regulation. D. attachment.

B

Research on attachment indicates a likelihood that A. young adults who had secure attachments to parents have insecure preoccupied attachments to romantic partners. B. young adults who had secure attachments to parents have secure attachments to romantic partners. C. people with insecure attachments to parents have secure attachments to romantic partners. D. there is no correlation between attachment in childhood and attachment in adulthood.

B

Research shows that infants are A. less socially sophisticated and insightful at early ages than previously thought. B. more socially sophisticated and insightful at early ages than previously thought. C. not able to do "social referencing" until after 2 years of age. D. not able to perceive people as engaging an intentional and goal-directed behavior until after 2 years of age.

B

Secure attachment to parents in adolescence may facilitate A. overdependence on family. B. social competence. C. nonexclusive intimate relationships at age 21. D. substance abuse.

B

The pediatrician warns a mother that responding to her baby's every cry will reward and increase crying. Which view does this doctor hold? A. the evolutionary view B. the behaviorist view C. John Bowlby's view D. Mary Ainsworth's view

B

Todd's infant daughter begins to cry only minutes after she goes down for a nap. According to John Watson, Todd should A. take her out of bed. She doesn't need a nap at this time. B. ignore her so that her crying won't be reinforced. C. go immediately to his daughter to soothe her crying. D. wait 2 minutes, then go to his daughter to soothe her crying.

B

What are the two major forms of love? A. sexual and noncommittal B. romantic and affectionate C. companionate and consummate D. passionate and intimate

B

What is the main problem with labeling children as "difficult"? A. It is inaccurate, because all children can be difficult from time to time. B. It can become a self-fulfilling prophecy. C. It does not take into consideration the environment in which children are being raised. D. No child is truly difficult. Some parents have unreasonably high expectations.

B

What type of emotions are empathy, jealousy, and embarrassment? A. positive B. self-conscious C. regulating D. primary

B

Which of the following categories do Rothbart and Bates use to classify infant temperament? A. emotionality, social ability, and activity level B. extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control C. easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up D. inhibited, neutral, and uninhibited

B

Which of the following is likely to be an important factor in connecting attachment style with later functioning? A. the child's temperament B. consistency in positive caregiving over years C. attachment style classification during infancy D. the level of the family's socioeconomic status

B

Which of the following statements regarding adolescence is NOT true? A. The intensity of adolescent emotions may seem out of proportion with the eliciting event. B. Adolescent boys are moodier than adolescent girls. C. Moodiness is normal in early adolescence. D. Adolescent girls are more vulnerable to depression than boys.

B

Which of the following would MOST likely cause an infant to express fear? A. reciprocal interactions B. stranger anxiety C. not being well-fed D. unfamiliar objects

B

A recent study of stay-at-home fathers indicates that they A. are dissatisfied with their marriage. B. provide substandard care as compared to stay-at-home mothers. C. are ostracized at playgrounds and parent groups. D. do not miss daily life in the workplace.

C

According to Kagan, inhibition shows A. high variability from infancy through late adulthood. B. high variability from infancy through early childhood. C. some continuity from infancy through early childhood. D. some continuity from infancy through late adulthood.

C

Caregiver research indicates that fathers a. are less able to be nurturing caregivers than mothers. b. spend more time with their female children. c. interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do. d. are slowly evolving to be more nurturing caregivers than mothers.

C

Fifteen-month-old Teri cries when her mother drops her off at day care. Baby Teri is displaying A. stranger anxiety. B. reciprocal interaction. C. separation protest. D. emotional empathy.

C

Infant Nathan is smiling and "talking" with short, loud noises. His mother responds each time Nathan expresses himself by smiling and talking. This interaction is described as A. emotion regulation. B. emotion coaching. C. reciprocal D. asynchronous.

C

Infants develop a simple mental model of the caregiver, their relationship, and the self as deserving of nurturing care. This is known as a(n) A. trust. B. biological predisposition for attachment. C. internal working model of attachment. D. social orientation.

C

Kylie is 3 years old. At this age, she should be able to A. understand that the same event may elicit different feelings from different people. B. understand that they need to manage their emotions to meet the social standards. C. use appropriate words to describe her emotions and what caused them. D. reflect on emotions.

C

Now that Rosie is in late adulthood, the socioemotional selectivity theory predicts she will A. become more socially withdrawn. B. continue to actively make new friends. C. spend most of her time with familiar friends and family members. D. emotionally invest in peripheral relationships.

C

The emotion of fear may appear earlier than normal in some infants due to A. stranger anxiety. B. reciprocal interaction. C. abuse or neglect. D. heredity.

C

What is the crucial element in attachment as demonstrated by Harry Harlow's experiment with monkeys? A. critical period bonding B. voice tone C. contact comfort D. feeding

C

Adolescents are more likely than adults to A. report feeling shame or embarrassment. B. report feeling "very unhappy" only. C. report feeling "very happy" only. D. report feeling "very happy" and feeling "very unhappy."

D

Goodness of fit occurs when a child's temperament matches A. reciprocal interactions. B. the parent's temperament. C. the parent's attachment style. D. environmental demands.

D

In a study of 102 married couples, what was ranked as the most important factor in enduring love across all age groups? A. sexual intimacy B. respect C. communication D. emotional security

D

John does not recognize when, or understand why, his wife gets frustrated when he leaves his dirty socks and other laundry on the bathroom floor. John is lacking A. emotion dismissing. B. self-efficacy. C. emotion regulation. D. emotional competence

D

What type of emotions are surprise, interest, joy, anger, sadness, and fear? A. tertiary B. self-conscious C. secondary D. primary

D

When Kyle's mother is nearby, he explores a new environment and plays with the new toys present. Mary Ainsworth would say he is A. insecure resistant. B. insecure avoidant. C. insecure disorganized. D. securely attached.

D

Which of the following would Erikson be MOST likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant? A. Soothe the baby every other time, so that he/she doesn't become dependent upon external comforters. B. Provide adequate food, so that he/she doesn't need to cry. C. Do not soothe the baby, because he/she will be spoiled. D. Soothe the baby so he/she develops a healthy sense of trust.

D

Which theorist believed that during the first year of life responsive, sensitive parenting helps an infant to develop a lifelong trust that the world will be a pleasant place? A. Harry Harlow B. Sigmund Freud C. Jerome Kagan D. Erik Erikson

D

Which theory explains why older adults spend most of their time with familiar individuals and family? A. disengagement theory B. social discontinuity theory C. activity theory D. socioemotional selectivity theory

D

With increasing age, young children's sources of regulation of emotion shifts from being A. social to adaptive. B. internal to external. C. adaptive to social. D. external to internal.

D

A feeling or affect that occurs when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him/her, especially to his or her well-being, is labeled a(n) A. mood. B. love. C. reaction. D. emotion.

emotion