Psychology Chapter 11 Test
When we want to be correct but are uncertain or doubt our own judgment, we may look to the group as a source of accurate information. This tendency is referred to as:
informational social influence.
The phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress is called:
the bystander effect.
Imagine that as you stand in the checkout line of the cafeteria, several people ahead of you in line put loose change in a charitable donation box. According to your readings, which of the following is accurate?
It is quite probable that you will also make a donation.
Hammond has just started working at a new job stacking items at the supermarket. He notices that most of his colleagues do stretching exercises before they begin their shift. Hammond assumes this a workplace regulation and also begins to do the stretching exercise. Which of the following concepts explains Hammond's behavior?
Normative influence
There are a number of problems associated with stereotyped thinking. Which of the following is one of those problems?
Once formed, stereotypes are very hard to change.
Which of the following is/are relevant in person perception?
All of these are involved in person perception.: Your reactions to others are determined by your perception of them, not by who or what they "really" are. You evaluate people partly in terms of how you expect them to react in the given situation. Your self-perception influences how you perceive others and how you act on your perceptions.
Exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive messages helps participants resist persuasion. What is this effect called?
Inoculation
____________refers to the phenomenon in which the presence of other people makes it less likely that any individual will help someone in distress because the obligation to intervene is shared among all onlookers.
Diffusion of responsibility
Oscar would like to go to a movie without supervision. To try and get what he wants, he starts by asking his mom if he can go on a trip to the Rollercoaster Park with just his friends. When his mom says no, like he predicted, he goes on to ask if he can at least go to the movies with his friends. Oscar's strategy in asking to go to the movies is an example of what persuasion trick?
Door in the face
The ______________is a computer-based test that measures the degree to which you associate particular groups of people with specific characteristics or attributes and is based on the assumption that people can sort images and words more easily when concepts seem to match or go together.
Implicit Association Test
Physically attractive people experience many benefits in life. Particularly, more physically attractive people have an easier time persuading others. Which characteristic is an example of why this occurs?
Physically attractive people are perceived as having higher moral character.
Suppose you volunteered to take part in a psychology experiment to earn extra credit for your psychology class. The experiment was one that studies obedience, and you are asked to deliver aversive (unpleasant) consequences to another student. Based upon what you know about the forces that influence a subject to continue obeying an experimenter's orders, which of the following reactions is most likely?
Since you volunteered to participate in the experiment (and receive extra credit), it is likely that you will have the mental expectation to obey the experimenter.
The social psychologist who is best known for his controversial series of studies investigating obedience to authority is:
Stanley Milgram.
____________ is defined as a cluster of characteristics that are associated with all members of a specific social group, often including qualities that are unrelated to the objective criteria that define the group.
Stereotype
Elsa purchased outdoor concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert, but it is raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase rain gear if she still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert?
Sunk costs
Solomon Asch set up an experimental situation in which participants were asked to identify which of three comparison lines were identical to a standard line. His research was designed to answer a straightforward question, namely:
Would people still conform to the group if the group opinion was clearly wrong?
Attitude is formally defined as:
a learned tendency to evaluate objects, persons, or issues in a particular way that may be positive, negative, or mixed.
Adjusting your opinions, judgments, or behavior so they match the opinions, judgments, or behavior of other people or the norms of a social group or situation is called:
conformity.
There is a cognitive basis to prejudice and often an emotional component as well. When prejudice is displayed behaviorally, it is called:
discrimination.
Calvin is interested in measuring his school's willingness to do volunteer work around the community. He sends out a self-report survey that asks students to directly fill out their ___________attitudes on the topic.
explicit
Real estate agents promoting a new recreational development offer a free breakfast and the opportunity to win a trip to Hawaii for attending a short sales promotion meeting. It would appear they are using the _______________ persuasion technique.
rule of reciprocity
Collectively, _________ refers to the mental processes people use to make sense of their social environment.
social cognition
Social psychology focuses on a broad range of topics. Two key research areas in social psychology are:
social cognition and social influence.
Dr. Jones studies questions, such as why we conform to group norms, what compels us to obey authority figures, and under what conditions will people help a stranger. His research focuses on an area of social psychology called:
social influence.
The term schema refers to:
the mental framework, or "mental blueprint," of the various people, objects, situations, and events we encounter in our daily lives.