Psychology Chapter 3

In which of the following conditions do receptors for warmth fire?

When skin temperature increases

_____ refers to the perception of objects that do not stimulate the known sensory organs

​Clairvoyance

_________ refers to the tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole.​

​Closure

Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to perceive an object as being just as luminous even though lighting conditions change its intensity?

Brightness constancy

Genetic components do not contribute to an individual's sensitivity to basic tastes.

False

The organ of Corti is a membrane that lies coiled within the cochlea.

False

Top-down processing involves assembling bits and pieces of information into a pattern.

False

​_____ notes that for us to perceive lower pitches, we need to match the frequency of the sound waves with our neural impulses.

Frequency theory

In the context of auditory perception, which of the following statements is true?

Frequency theory appears to account only for pitch perception between 20 and a few hundred cycles per second.

Which of the following is true of psychokinesis?

It refers to mentally manipulating or moving objects.

In the context of difference threshold, identify the correct statement.

On average, people can tell when a tone rises or falls in pitch by an extremely small one-third of 1%.

In the context of pain, which of the following statements is true?

Pain is usually sharpest where nerve endings are densely packed.

Active touching means continuously moving your hand along the surface of an object so that you continue to receive sensory input from the object.

True

Which of the following senses is known to be dominant in human beings?

Vision

Which of the following terms denotes a trick of perceptual constancies on the eye?

Visual illusion

​When the relationship between objects and their surroundings seems ambiguous, people's perceptions tend to be unstable and shift back and forth, and this is known as _____ perception.

figure-ground

The _________ adjusts or accommodates to the image by changing its thickness.​

lens

In the context of the human eye, the size of the _________ is also sensitive to an individual's emotions.​

pupil

Visual stimuli that is flashed below a person's absolute threshold for conscious perception is an example of _________. ​

subliminal stimulation

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that stimulates the eye and produces visual sensations constitutes _____. ​

visible light

Which of the following fractions is known as Weber's constant for light?

1/60th

Which of the following is most likely to occur if an individual did not have a sense of smell?

An onion and an apple might taste the same.

Which of the following statements is true in the context of color blindness?

Dichromats are sensitive to black-white and either red-green or blue-yellow colors.

Which of the following scenarios illustrates subliminal stimulation?

In an experiment, an audio track was played at such low volume that the participants were not even conscious of it.

Despite being blind, Brian has never had a problem understanding how to use his limbs. He has been able to accurately judge the position and motion of his body parts, and thus, he is able perform activities such as walking and eating quite normally. Which of the following senses is illustrated in the scenario?

Kinesthesis

Jeff was stuck in traffic, when he observed a quick succession of cars going together on the other lane. His first thought was that they were all a part of a convoy of some sort. Which law of perceptual organization best explains Jeff's assumption?

Law of common fate

Which of the following terms best describes the process of becoming more sensitive to stimulation?

Positive adaptation

Which of the following is the function of the iris?

Regulating the amount of light that enters the eye

Which of the following is a new basic taste that was recently added to the primary taste qualities?

Savory

​_________ is the stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system.

Sensation

In a painting that Shannon is observing, one object is perceived as a two-dimensional circle, and another appears to be a three-dimensional sphere. Which of the following monocular cues can account for this effect?

Shadowing

Which of the following monocular cues is based on the perception that closer objects appear to have rougher surfaces?

Texture gradient

Which of the following is contained in the middle ear?

The eardrum

In which of the following theories did Ewald Hering propose that there are three types of color receptors, but they are not sensitive only to red, green, and blue?

The opponent-process theory

Amy and George were practicing singing for their university cultural program. Their music teacher insisted that Amy sing the verses in a high pitch as it sounded better. Which of the following could be a reason for the music teacher's decision?

The pitch of a woman's voice is usually higher than that of man's voice.

In which of the following ways do receptor neurons transmit information about odors to the brain?

Through the olfactory nerve

Which of the following is a function of the middle ear?

To increase the pressure of air entering the ear

Frequency and amplitude are independent.

True

Pain is sharpest in areas of the body where nerve endings are densely packed.

True

Researchers historically agreed on four primary taste qualities: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.

True

Which of the following is true of Weber's constant?

Weber's constant for light is inaccurate when extremely bright or dull lights are compared.

Lisa is a fabric specialist. Recently, she was invited to an exhibition of Persian silks. Being an expert on fabrics, Lisa continuously moved her hand along the surface of the different pieces of fabric to get an exact feel of it. This continuous feeling provided sensory input from the object and was known as _____.​

​active touching

The colors across from one another on the color wheel are labeled _________.​

​complementary colors

Visual acuity (sharpness and detail) is greatest at the _________.​

​fovea

Michelle is walking on the road when she suddenly hears an intermittent ringing of church bells. She is unable to detect the source of the sound and looks around. She continues to walk ahead and slightly turns her head to the right. The intensity suddenly increases in her left ear. In this case, the sound of the church bells is most likely coming from _____.​

​the front

​Andy is a professional skydiver. During his freefall, he is able to automatically sense his body's position in relation to the earth's gravity without really having to look around him. This allows him to adjust his position appropriately during his fall to regulate his momentum. The sense that is illustrated in this scenario is _____.

​vestibular sense