Psychology Chapter 6 & 9

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Cognitive

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination?

Conditioned to drool when a bell rings and being able to tell the difference between the sound of a ringing bell and the sound of a whistle

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage?

Conservation

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Continuous

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

Conventional

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

Operant Conditioning

Rochelle has a glass of Kool-Aid. She pours her Kool-Aid into a toy teacup, and then she pours the Kool-Aid from the teacup into a beer stein. She then pours it from the beer stein back into the original glass. She knows the amount of Kool-Aid has not substantially changed. What does this exemplify?

Reversibility

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

Stranger Anxiety

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the sensorimotor stage?

Stranger Anxiety

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

Taking your dog to the park every afternoon at 4:00 p.m.

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Variable Ratio

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Variable interval

During the early childhood years, the number of words a child uses increases at a rapid pace. This is sometimes referred to as the ________.

Vocabulary Spurt

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

When a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior

Which statement about Edward C. Tolman is incorrect?

Which statement about Edward C. Tolman is incorrect?

Which of the following is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule?

Winona checks her cellphone at random times throughout the day instead of every time she hears the voicemail notification

Late maturing boys are ________.

at a higher risk of depression

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

Object Permanence

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

Object Permanence

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.

Developmental milestones

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

Edward C. Tolman

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

Extinction

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Integrity vs. despair

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?

Knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student

The concept conservation refers to ________.

Knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.

Learning

According to Albert Bandura, ________.

Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.