Psychology Chapter 6

According to the encoding specificity principle, it would be BEST for Jakarta to study for an exam in: a the same room in which she will take the exam. b any room, as long as it is a quiet and well-lit. c the library. d a room with lots of background noise.

a

As Cora watches television, she sees a commercial for a local used car dealer and then remembers that she needs to get gas for her car. Seeing the car commercial has served as a _____ for Cora. a retrieval cue b source memory c encoding cue d transient cue

a

Misattributing a source for memory, is characterized by a strong sense of familiarity without any recall of associated details may be the cause of: a proactive interference. b transience. c déjà vu experiences. d flashbulb memories.

c

Oliver returns home after a round of golf and he sees his trash cans blowing down the street due to the wind. He runs to catch his trash cans. Now he cannot remember what he did with his sunglasses. His forgetfulness is MOST likely caused by: a bias. b blocking. c absentmindedness. d transience.

c

Organizational encoding activates the left _____ lobe. a occipital b temporal c frontal d parietal

c

Remembering how to ride a skateboard, even though it has been a few years since a person last rode one, is a subtype of _____ memory termed _____. a procedural; state-dependent retrieval b episodic; procedural memory c implicit; procedural memory d procedural; episodic memory

c

Rhonda can't remember anything about the first several minutes immediately following a car crash in which she was injured. Rhonda is experiencing _____ amnesia. a proactive b retrograde c anterograde d retroactive

c

Unlike déjà vu experiences, déjà vecu experiences involve a feeling that one has experienced something before and have: a an inability to remember one's childhood. b a detailed memory for this experience that actually did occur. c a detailed memory for this experience that actually did not occur. d an inability to remember who else was present.

c

Which of the textbook's "memory sins" is probably MOST responsible for the potential effect of a lawyer's leading questions on a witness's recollection of a crime? a memory misattribution b transience c suggestibility d bias

c

Which of the three functions of memory refers to transforming perceptions, thoughts, and feelings into memories? a short-term memory b storage c encoding d retrieval

c

Hans is almost killed in a parasailing accident and, when he recalls the event, he becomes extremely fearful, almost as if he is reliving the experience. Hans goes to see a psychologist who asks him to recall the event in detail. As Hans does so, he becomes fearful retelling the story. The doctor asks Hans to think about how the event must also have been exhilarating because he was flying, if only for a short period of time. In the future when Hans recalls the event, he does so without fear. Hans's doctor may have influenced Hans's _____ of the event. a consolidation b sensory memory c transfer d reconsolidation

d

Flexibility in one's memories and one's ability to mentally try out future scenarios help to explain the "sin" of _____.

misattribution

Visual imagery encoding could relate to _____ encoding if a person also categorized the information according to how the items related to one another.

organizational

Bailey attends her 20th high school reunion and realizes that she would have great difficulty with names if people were not wearing nametags. Her inability to remember the names of people she spent so much time with 20 years earlier is MOST likely caused by: a transience. b blocking. c bias. d absentmindedness.

a

In comparison with short-term memory, which has a capacity of approximately 7 chunks of information, long-term memory has a capacity of _____ of information. a an unlimited number of chunks b about 100 chunks c about 20 chunks d about 5 chunks

a

In which situation would it be BEST for Sheila to use semantic encoding? a She wants to remember a new fact about psychologist Albert Bandura. b She wants to remember the route home from a new location. c As a server in a restaurant, she wants to remember the orders of customers at three tables. d She wants to memorize her grocery list.

a

Keith took 4 years of Latin in high school and 2 years of Latin in college. Nevertheless, only a year after he graduated from college he realizes that he remembers very little of the Latin language, illustrating: a transience. b absentmindedness. c retroactive interference. d proactive interference.

a

Lin tells her roommate about her break-up with her boyfriend, but she does not seem to be listening. Lin accuses her of not paying attention, so her roommate repeats back the last three words of her story. This does not excuse her because Lin knows that she may be relying on her _____ memory. a echoic b long-term c short-term d iconic

a

Memories that cannot be consciously recalled yet affect a person's behavior are referred to as _____ memories. a implicit b semantic c episodic d explicit

a

What region of the brain is MOST active during visual imagery encoding? a the occipital lobe b the lower left frontal lobe c the lower right frontal lobe d the inner left temporal lobe

a

What type of memory causes a person to still have a brief image of letters seen on a computer screen, even after the screen has gone blank? a iconic b tactile c echoic d long-term

a

_____ is the experience of knowing something but not being able to identify it; it is a result of _____. a Tip-of-the-tongue; blocking b Absentmindedness; false recognition c False recognition; blocking d Tip-of-the-tongue; absentmindedness

a

_____ memory has the largest capacity and _____ memory has the shortest capacity. a Long-term; sensory b Short-term; sensory c Sensory; short-term d Long-term; short-term

a

Dr. Tshibetta is running a memory experiment using fMRI. One participant is asked to remember a particular set of words, and Dr. Tshibetta notices that the upper left frontal lobe is particularly active during the task. The participant is MOST likely using what type of encoding? a visual imagery b semantic c organizational d echoic

c

Jenny remembers her 25th birthday party vividly and recalls how her parents surprised her with a brand new necklace. This is an example of a(n) _____ memory. a semantic b sensory c explicit d implicit

c

A memory that lasts for a few seconds or less is _____ memory. a long-term b sensory c short-term d working

b

A year after getting married, Barnabas told his friends he was very happy. Now Barnabas is getting divorced, and he recalls his marriage as unhappy and tumultuous. This is because memories are constructed and not: a rehearsed. b recorded. c stored. d transformed.

b

As Kaydence reads a chapter in her anthropology text, she draws a network diagramming the relationships among the concepts described in the book. In this example, Kaydence is BEST described as capitalizing on _____ encoding. a survival b organizational c visual imagery d sensory

b

Chad is puzzling over a difficult question on a multiple-choice sociology test however as he rereads the response options he remembers the correct answer. Chad has made use of: a flashbulb memories. b retrieval cues. c mnemonic aids. d procedural memory.

b

Clarice's grandfather can still remember his first day of school when he was 6 years old. Her grandfather has stored this information in his _____ memory. a short-term b long-term c echoic d sensory

b

It has been many years since Allen rode a bicycle or swam. Yet if he were to get on a bicycle or slip into the water, he would remember how to do both. His memory of these motor skills is called _____ memory. a a not very well formed b a procedural c both a procedural and an explicit d an explicit

b

Julie has been playing soccer for most of her life and is a very good player. Therefore, Julie was surprised when her friend asked her to describe how to bend a free kick so that the ball curves, and she could not put it into words. Julie's knowledge of how to bend a free kick is probably: a both a procedural and an explicit memory. b a procedural memory. c not very well formed. d an explicit memory.

b

Many textbooks include outlines at the beginning of each chapter to help students take in the information. MOST specifically, chapter outlines are intended to encourage _____ encoding. a visual imagery b organizational c survival d sensory

b

Mike walks down the street and sees a woman he is sure he has met before. Mike asks the woman if they know each other and she informs him she just arrived in the country and has never been here before. Mike's feeling of familiarity is most likely a result of: a transience. b false recognition. c memory bias. d memory persistence.

b

Quinton never remembered his new friend's phone number because he was not paying attention. MOST likely he will not recall this number because of a failure in: a retrieval. b encoding. c storage. d short-term memory.

b

Roberto has a final tomorrow and has been studying for several hours. Some of his friends plan to pull an all-nighter. Roberto remembers what he learned about memory in his psychology course and decides that his best course of action is to: a drink a lot of coffee. b sleep. c stay up with his friends. d relax by going out for a couple of beers.

b

When people are asked to _____ an imaginary event, they are more likely to develop a false memory for the event. a create b envision c encode d describe

b

While driving in his car looking for a particular street, Aiko briefly sees the road sign but after a few seconds she cannot remember the name of the street. This illustrates the quick decay of _____ memory. a echoic b iconic c tactile d long-term

b

Zandra's teacher tells her that she cannot forget something if she never "got it" in the first place. MOST likely, Zandra's teacher is referring to a failure in: a retrieval. b encoding. c storage. d short-term memory.

b

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the _____ phenomenon. a absentmindedness b false recognition c tip-of-the-tongue d flashbulb memory

c

As Rajan watches television, he sees a commercial for a local dry cleaner and then remembers that he needs to move some laundry from the washer to the dryer. Seeing the dry cleaning commercial has served as a(n) _____ for Rajan. a encoding cue b transient cue c retrieval cue d source memory

c

Charlene may be able to repeat the last few words that someone spoke even if she was not paying attention. This is because the information is still available in her _____ memory. a short-term b iconic c echoic d long-term

c

Just before an episode of a popular television show, a fake crime was committed in which a man with brown hair, dressed in blue jeans and a green long-sleeved shirt, stole a woman's handbag. The "crime" was staged right next to the talkative line of bystanders, including a few people planted by the producers. When questioned by "police" almost immediately after the event, witnesses were asked if he was wearing a hat. After talking about the "robbery" among themselves, many "witnesses" said that the man was wearing a hat and gave differing descriptions of the culprit. Which memory flaw BEST explains this fault? a absentmindedness b transience c memory misattribution d suggestibility

d

The effectiveness of retrieval cues supports the idea that: a memory is like a photograph or video. b everyone can have perfect memory if given enough hints. c echoic memories are stronger than iconic memories. d information in memory may be available but not easily accessible.

d

The inability to transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory is known as: a proactive interference. b retroactive interference. c retrograde amnesia. d anterograde amnesia.

d

Trying to remember something and actually remembering something are: a the same process and use the same brain areas. b the same process but use different brain areas. c different processes but use the same brain areas. d different processes and use different brain areas.

d