Psychology Chapter 7

A___is a "rule of thumb" that helps to simplify a problem or possible approaches to it; this rule of thumb does not guarantee a correct solution.

Heuristic

___is a number that represents a measure of intelligence, based upon one's performance on a intelligence test that is normed on a score of 100 for average intelligence.

Intelligence quotient

___is a condition of significantly sub-average intelligence combined with deficiencies in adaptive behavior.

Mental retardation

___is the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past.

Mental set

The basic units of sound in a language are know as___,whereas___represent the smallest meaningful units in a language.

Phonemes, morphemes

___is the first step in solving a problem; it involves interpreting or defining the problem.

Problem representation

A___is an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of a concept; it is the most typical example of the concept.

Prototype

___is the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.

Reliability

If scores on two halves of a test agree, the test is exhibiting___.

Split-half reliability

The degree to which a test actually measures what it's supposed to measure is known as the___.

Validity

___are very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems.

Algorithms

We are using the___when we make a decision based on information that is most easily retrieved from memory.

Availability

___are ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, or activities.

Concepts

___is the tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.

Conformation bias

___refers to the processes whereby we acquire and use knowledge.

Congnition

___is the ability to produce novel and socially valued ideas or objects.

Creativity

___is the type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.

Divergent thinking

A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions and not what else they can be utilized to do is called___.

Functional fixedness

According to___there are many types of intelligences and he developed the theory of multiple intelligences.

Howard Gardner

An___is a mental representation that stands for objects or events and has a picture-like quality.

Image

The ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems is known as___

Intelligence