Psychology Chapter 7 Questions
Of the acts of violence featured on U.S. network and cable television programs, nearly _____percent go unpunished.
75.
In conditioned taste aversion, spoiled or poisoned food is a powerful:
Unconditioned stimulus.
Every time Martin opens the cabinet door where he stores his dog's treats, his dog begins to bark in anticipation of getting a treat. This is an example of:
Associative learning.
People have been observed to form negative attitudes toward Pokémon characters who were repeatedly shown with negative words and images next to them. This BEST illustrates the impact of:
Classical conditioning.
Some theorists have speculated that people with autism spectrum disorder display reduced imitative yawning and difficulty modeling other observed behaviors because of malfunctioning _____neurons.
Mirror.
Joella watches her older brother brush his teeth and then attempts to brush her teeth on her own. Joella's older brother is serving as a _____for Joella.
Model.
Joey watches his older brother twirl his pasta around his fork using a spoon. Joey then attempts to twirl his pasta in the same way. Joey's older brother served as a _____for Joey.
Model.
Johnny is hammering the nail in with his toy hammer as his father is hammering the deck boards. His behavior is a clear example of:
Modeling.
Select the option that correctly completes this sentence: _____is a type of _____.
Operant conditioning; associative learning.
Jackie is worried about her young children being exposed to the violence on television. One would NOT tell Jackie that:
She should not worry.
Gamblers and fisherman have a difficult time controlling their need to gamble and fish because of the _____schedule of reinforcement.
Variable-ratio.
Road construction prevents a student from getting to campus using the route that he usually travels. He thinks about the situation for a moment and then comes up with a different route to take. To figure out this alternative route, he is using _____to devise a different route.
A cognitive map.
Victor drinks two to three cups of coffee every morning. Often, Victor experiences an almost immediate sense of alertness when he sips a fresh cup of coffee, even though it takes about 20 minutes for the caffeine in the coffee to reach significant levels in the bloodstream. What is the BEST explanation for this phenomenon?
After being repeatedly paired with the drug caffeine, the smell and taste of coffee have become a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response of alertness.
Which statement BEST illustrates classical conditioning, rather than operant conditioning?
Because his older brother once locked him in the closet, Dustin gets anxious in small, enclosed rooms.
Repeated exposure to graphic violence in movies, television, and violent video games may increase the likelihood of imitation of violent behavior and also tends to:
Cause desensitization to observed violence.
Five-year-old Destiny is frightened by the noise thunder makes. Destiny associates lightning with thunder because lightning always precedes thunder. Thus, when Destiny sees lightning, she often cries in anticipation that she will hear thunder soon afterward. This is an example of:
Classical conditioning.
When Miguel was a child, he was attacked by a swarm of hornets in his backyard. Now, every time he hears the sound of hornets, he immediately becomes frightened. This is an example of _____conditioning.
Classical.
Learning that is NOT immediately demonstrated in overt behavior is called:
Latent learning.
Which statement does NOT illustrate classical conditioning?
Marcus always pays his cell-phone bill on time in order to avoid a late charge.
Tamika's cat learned to press a lever so more food would be poured into her food bowl. Tamika's roommate's kitten watched the older cat perform this behavior and within a month the kitten was performing this behavior. This is an example of:
Observational learning.
Four-year-old Mia watched her mother sing while she was brushing her hair. The next day, Mia's mother saw Mia singing while brushing her dog. Mia acquired the behavior through _____learning.
Observational.
Marcus owns a landscaping company and employs several college students in the summer. He would like to improve the productivity of his employees. According to research on improving job performance through operant conditioning, Marcus should:
Reward specific, achievable behaviors, not vaguely defined merit.
Adam was stung by a bee. Now he is frightened not only of bees but of all flying insects. This example illustrates:
Generalization.
Pauline is learning how to play badminton. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving the birdie while Pauline patiently watches. Pauline then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. This is an example of _____learning.
Observational.
To reduce the self-destructive behavior of some children, a therapist might squirt water in the children's faces whenever they bite themselves. The squirt of water is a:
Positive punishment.
Lightning is associated with thunder and always precedes it. Thus, when one sees lightning, one often anticipates hearing thunder soon afterward. This is an example of:
Classical conditioning.
B. F. Skinner believed that _____influences shape animal and human behavior.
External.
Nannette's daughter refused to brush her teeth and threw her toys across the room. Nannette gave her daughter a 20-minute time out. This is an example of a:
Negative punishment.
Linda had a severe toothache for many days before she went to the dentist. After treatment, she was much relieved. The next time she experienced pain in her teeth, she went to the dentist right away. This is an example of _____reinforcement.
Negative.
Justina wishes to make a 10-minute meditation session part of her morning routine. Based on research described in the textbook, Justina should meditate every day for just over _____days to ensure that meditation becomes a habit.
60.
Which is NOT an example of learning?
A woman reflexively pulls back her hand from a hot burner.
Ten-year-old Maggie continually interrupts her teacher with jokes that make her fellow students laugh. The attention from the other students is an example of:
An extrinsic reward.
Ted is an adult with autism spectrum disorder who has difficulty empathizing with the feelings of others and inferring what emotions another person might be experiencing. Some theorists would speculate that this is because Ted has:
An impaired mirror neuron system.
Which example demonstrates that learning has occurred?
Avoiding speeding in an area where one received a ticket previously.
John has been a coffee drinker since he started college three years ago. He finds that, anytime he smells coffee when he enters a nearby Starbucks, he starts to feel more alert and awake even before he takes his first sip of coffee. This is an example of:
Classical conditioning.
Marshall ate a hamburger he purchased from his favorite fast-food restaurant. An hour later, his stomach became very upset and he spent the rest of the evening vomiting. A week later, he entered the restaurant and immediately became nauseous when he saw a hamburger. Marshall's nausea when he saw the hamburger is an example of:
Classical conditioning.
Three-year-old Kirsten was playing with a balloon she was given by her father. While playing with the balloon, it popped in her face, which frightened her and caused her to cry loudly. That weekend, she was attending a birthday party and saw some balloons and began to cry and ran out of the room. This is an example of:
Classical conditioning.
While 5-year-old Martha was looking at one of the balloons her mother set out for her birthday, Martha's brother Timmy took a pin and popped the balloon, causing her to flinch and blink quickly. Later, during the party, Martha's mother approached her with a balloon and she blinked and flinched. This is an example of:
Classical conditioning.
Five-year-old Arianna is frightened by the noise thunder makes. Arianna associates lightning with thunder because lightning always precedes thunder. Thus, when Arianna sees lightning, she often cries in anticipation that she will hear thunder soon afterward. This is an example of _____conditioning.
Classical.
The textbook states that "by watching models, we experience vicarious reinforcement . . . and learn to anticipate a behavior's consequences in situations like those we are observing." The term vicariouslinks observational learning MOST directly to:
Cognitive learning.
Which choice correctly pairs a type of learning or conditioning with a closely related concept?
Cognitive learning—observational learning.
Kate has a kind of picture in her head of her hometown, a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks such as rivers, buildings, freeways, and parks. This representation is called a(n):
Cognitive map.
Dayton's Narcotics Anonymous sponsor advises him to avoid the people, places, and things associated with his drug use. These people, places, and things are BEST viewed as _____within the framework of _____ conditioning.
Conditioned stimuli; classical.
Ever since she foolishly drank too much tequila at a rock concert and vomited all over her best friend, Erin becomes nauseous at the smell or taste of tequila. In the terminology of classical conditioning, the smell of tequila is now a(n) _____.
Conditioned stimulus.
Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person had become a(n):
Conditioned stimulus.
Rebecca had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she underwent a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. The waiting room became the:
Conditioned stimulus.
In Pavlov's experiment with dogs, salivating in response to the tone is called a(n) _____response.
Conditioned.
In classical conditioning, the _____stimulus is an originally neutral stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response after association with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned.
When Laney passes Avenue D, her heart pounds and her stomach tightens. Laney often bought crack cocaine on that street before she became clean. Within the framework of classical conditioning the sight of Avenue D is a(n) _____stimulus, whereas her body's reaction is a(n) _____.
Conditioned; conditioned response.
The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called:
Conditioning.
Sean takes his 1-year-old son, James, out for a walk. James reaches over to touch a red flower and is stung by a bumblebee sitting on the petals. The next day, James' mother brings home some red flowers. She removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it over for her baby to smell. James cries loudly as soon as he sees it. According to the principles of classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response in this example?
Crying to the bee sting.
In a study, adult males who spent three evenings watching sexually violent movies became progressively less bothered by the rapes and slashings. Compared with those in a control group, the film watchers later expressed less sympathy for domestic violence victims, and they rated the victims' injuries as less severe. The violence-viewing effect demonstrated in this study was:
Desensitization.
Six-year-old Davey developed a fear of going down steps after falling down the steps in his house several times. When he was at his grandmother's house he demonstrated no fear of climbing the steps to her front door. Unlike Little Albert's fear of white rats and other furry objects, Davey was demonstrating:
Discrimination.
Three-year-old Antoine is waiting with his older brother in their pediatrician's examination room. As soon as the nurse, wearing a white uniform, enters the room, his older brother screams and cries loudly, which scares Antoine and causes him to begin screaming and crying as well. The next week when Antoine is going for his first dentist appointment, his mother is afraid that he will cry and scream when she takes him to his appointment. The dental assistant enters, wearing her white uniform, and Antoine shows no sign of fear. Antoine's lack of a fear response to the white uniform worn by the dental assistant is an example of:
Discrimination.
An experimenter visits a preschool with a big box of markers and paper. The children are told that they can draw as many pictures as they want. The children enjoy the task very much. On another visit, the children were told that, for every picture they drew, they would earn a prize. Two weeks later when the experimenter returned, he offered up the markers and paper for play but said that no prizes would be given. The children played very little with the markers because:
Excessive rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation.
Obi always gives his cats treats before he goes to work each morning. When he is gathering the things he takes to work, his cats begin to circle around him and cry. Robert Rescorla and Allan Wagner would say this is occurring because Obi's cats have developed a(n) _____for the treats.
Expectation.
Pavlov's dog stopped salivating to the tone when the food was no longer paired with the tone. This is an example of:
Extinction.
Behavior driven by rewards, rules, and responsibilities is to _____as behavior motivated by enjoyment, satisfaction, or challenge is to _____.
Extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation.
Behavior driven by rewards, rules, and responsibilities is to _____motivation as behavior motivated by enjoyment, satisfaction, or challenge is to intrinsic motivation.
Extrinsic.
In Watson and Rayner's experiment with Little Albert, the _____was the unconditioned response.
Fear of a loud noise.
Checking one's postal mailbox is generally reinforced on a _____schedule, because the mail only comes once per day at about the same time.
Fixed-interval.
Jonah works in a packaging plant. For every 100 packages he completes, he is given an additional 10-percent increase in his hourly pay. This is a _____reinforcement schedule.
Fixed-ratio.
In classical conditioning _____is the tendency to respond to stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus, while in operant conditioning the organism's response to similar stimuli is also reinforced.
Generalization.
Janine, who completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan, suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring. The fact that these sounds scare her reflects:
Generalization.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner found that Little Albert's conditioned fear was elicited not only by a rat but also by a number of similar objects. Little Albert's behavior BEST illustrates stimulus:
Generalization.
Marlee was attacked at gunpoint in a parking garage. Her attacker was wearing strong cologne, and she now refuses to go through the male fragrance department at the store, will not be alone with any man, and will not park in any garages. This reaction BEST illustrates:
Generalization.
Three-year-old Marvin is waiting with his older brother in their pediatrician's examination room. As soon as the nurse, wearing a white uniform, enters the room his older brother screams and cries loudly, which scares Marvin and he begins to scream and cry. The next week when Marvin is going for his first dentist appointment, the dental assistant enters wearing her white uniform and Marvin screams and cries loudly. Marvin's crying in response to the white uniform in the dentist office, just as he did in the pediatrician's office, is an example of:
Generalization.
In Laurie's psychology laboratory, Laurie and her lab partner conditioned a rat to press a lever for food when a red light was on, but discovered that the rat would also press the lever when a white light was on. Laurie and her partner reported that the rat had exhibited _____through _____ conditioning.
Generalization; operant.
John just started his vacation from work and scheduled a tee time with friends to play golf Monday morning. On Monday morning, he started driving his car to work instead of the golf course. Driving his car to work instead of the golf course is an example of:
Habitual behavior.
Henry, a heavy smoker, is interested in quitting. Given what is known about the cognitive processes involved in classical conditioning, what is the MOST likely reason he still has trouble quitting after he is treated with a drug that induces nausea when he smokes a cigarette?
He realizes his nausea is due to the drug, not simply the cigarette.
Ray drank too much tequila last night. He spent much of this morning vomiting and nauseated. According to the principles of classical conditioning, how will Ray likely react today when he tastes or smells the tequila bottle that he drank out of last night?
He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive.
Juan easily taught his cat to jump through a hoop for the reward of food, but could not get his cat to fetch a ball and return the ball to him. The cat would chase the ball but use his paws to roll the ball so he could chase the ball again. The reason the cat had difficulties with fetching the ball was because of:
Instinctive drift.
If a parent wants to increase the amount of enjoyment and time a child reads books as opposed to playing video games, the parent will need to increase the _____for reading.
Intrinsic motivation.
Ty's mother is frustrated that he will not spend the time on his schoolwork that he does practicing and playing baseball. Ty will spend hours practicing in the hot sun every summer day without a coach telling him to do so. Ty's dedication to baseball can be explained by:
Intrinsic motivation.
Marcus is taking advanced placement chemistry in high school because he loves science and is fascinated by chemistry experimentation. Wade is taking advanced placement chemistry because his guidance counselor told him he had to if he intended to apply to a premed program at a competitive university. Marcus is motivated by _____, while Wade is motivated by _____.
Intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation.
An experimenter visits a preschool with a big box of markers and paper. The children are told that they can draw as many pictures as they want. The children enjoy the task very much. On another visit, the children are told that, for every picture they draw, they would earn a prize. Two weeks later when the experimenter returned, he offered up the markers and paper for play but said that no prizes would be given. The children played very little with the markers because extrinsic rewards can undermine _____motivation.
Intrinsic.
Behavior driven by rewards, rules, and responsibilities is to extrinsic motivation as behavior motivated by enjoyment, satisfaction, or challenge is to _____motivation.
Intrinsic.
Juan is taking advanced placement chemistry in high school because he loves science and is fascinated by chemistry experimentation. David is taking advanced placement chemistry because his guidance counselor told him he had to if he intended to apply to a premed program at a competitive university. Unlike David, Juan is motivated by _____motivation.
Intrinsic.
Jeff's psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of his relatives that indicate learning. Which example should be included on his list?
Jeff's little brother whines whenever he wants something.
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select—doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief, and, yes, even beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors." Which psychologist made this statement?
John B. Watson.
Researchers often find it more challenging to train dolphins rather than dogs, even though dolphins are smarter. One of the reasons for this difficulty is that dolphins have _____shared evolutionary heritage with humans than dogs, so they condition to stimuli that are different than what will affect dogs and humans.
Less.
In Watson and Rayner's experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus used to produce fear was a:
Loud noise.
Neil wants to complete several on-campus errands as efficiently as possible during a break between classes, so that he can spend at least a few minutes reviewing lecture notes. To plan his route, he consults a picture in his mind of the campus's layout. In terms of latent learning, Neil is using a cognitive:
Map.
If a child is watching a favorite sibling getting scolded for misbehavior, a type of brain cell called a _____is likely to be activated in an empathetic response to this observation.
Mirror neuron.
If a child is watching a favorite sibling getting scolded for misbehavior, a _____neuron is likely to be activated in an empathetic response to this observation.
Mirror.
Jason is busy with a work project that he brought home. His son wants him to put a movie in the DVD player. Jason tells him to wait 10 minutes; however, his son whines and complains so much that Jason decides to put the movie in right away. If Jason's son stops complaining, Jason's behavior of starting the movie immediately may be maintained by _____reinforcement.
Negative.
Thomas regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer. This BEST illustrates the value of _____reinforcement.
Negative.
When a 4-year-old girl suddenly picks up her toy ironing board and plays it like it is an electric guitar, it is likely that she has seen someone playing a real electric guitar in the same manner. Thus, she has learned via:
Observation.
Children who have fathers who are incarcerated for committing violent crimes are at high risk for following the same path in life, unless children are adopted near the time of their birth. Then, they are no more at risk for violence than the average child. This difference in outcome can be attributed to:
Observational learning.
It is well known that the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) have a culture in their living groups, as they pass on skills to one another across generations. This is done through:
Observational learning.
Jill is learning how to play tennis. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving and backhand returns while Jill patiently watches. Jill then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. Which concept BEST describes how Jill is learning to play tennis?
Observational learning.
One chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward. The first chimp then imitates how the second chimp solved the puzzle. This BEST illustrates:
Observational learning.
At work, there is a vending machine that gives extra candy bars when Don selects either the A or B choices. Don continues to frequent this machine regularly. This BEST illustrates:
Operant conditioning.
Dan wanted to train his dog, Rocket, to come to him when called. Every time Dan called Rocket and he came, Dan would give him a treat and pet him. Soon Rocket would come every time he was called. Which type of learning is Dan using?
Operant conditioning.
If Jamal wants to train his dog to sit and lie down when he commands the behavior, which type of conditioning should he utilize to train his dog?
Operant conditioning.
Macy gave her dog a treat each time she came to Macy when she called her by name. Soon, the dog came every time Macy called the dog by name. This is an example of:
Operant conditioning.
The cognitive processes in _____involve the organism developing an expectation that a response will be reinforced or punished with or without reinforcement.
Operant conditioning.
The practical application of a type of learning called _____is apparent in the common practice of rewarding small steps toward desired behavior in educational, athletic, and workplace settings.
Operant conditioning.
Jennifer trained her dog to howl when he heard Jennifer play the piano by giving him a treat for doing so. One day in her car, Jennifer played a CD of a piano concerto and her dog began to howl. The dog learned to howl through _____and also demonstrated _____ of a learned response.
Operant conditioning; generalization.
To reduce the disruptive behavior of some children, a teacher might slap the desk with a ruler to startle them. The sound of the slap is a(n) _____punishment.
Positive.
Classical conditioning focuses on _____behavior, whereas operant conditioning focuses on _____ behavior.
Respondent; operant.
Carl takes his 1-year-old son, Reynold, out for a walk. Reynold reaches over to touch a red flower and is stung by a bumblebee sitting on the petals. The next day, Reynold's mother brings home some red flowers. She removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it over for her baby to smell. Reynold cries loudly as soon as he sees it. According to the principles of classical conditioning, what is the conditioned response in this example?
Reynold crying.
Seventeen-year-old Ricky has had his driver's license for less than a year. Ricky absolutely loves driving any car. His love of driving gave him the idea of getting a job delivering pizza 25 hours a week. After Ricky has the job for 6 months, one can predict that:
Ricky's love of driving would decrease.
Michelle always drives down Hampton Avenue to go to work. One morning, Michelle discovers that Hampton Avenue is closed at Wood Street because of construction. Michelle immediately takes a different route to work. She is able to make a quick route change because:
She has formed a cognitive map of the area.
Nicole's parents are often inconsistent in terms of their behaviors and what they say. For example, they often tell Nicole how important it is to be polite, but are not very polite themselves when it comes to letting other people off airplanes or giving up seats in public buses. How would one expect this contradiction to impact Nicole's behavior?
She will act rudely toward others, but talk the importance of being polite.
A guest will be spending time in Mrs. Bartos' classroom. To make sure her students imitate this guest's prosocial behaviors, Mrs. Bartos should pick someone who the children think is:
Similar to them.
Jane had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. She had grown to associate the waiting room with nausea. Now 35 years old, she had to take her mother to the same hospital for breast cancer treatment. She became nauseous while in the waiting room with her mother. Her nausea BEST illustrates:
Spontaneous recovery.
Newton ordered pizza from a national pizza chain and became very ill immediately after eating the pizza. Years later, Newton still feels queasy when he sees an advertisement for the pizza chain or drives by one of its establishments. Newton has developed a(n):
Taste aversion.
Ruben is reading the descriptions of some of the psychology courses in his college's course catalog. The description of one course reads in part, "An introduction to the processes whereby new and enduring behavior and information is acquired through experience." This course is MOST likely titled:
The Psychology of Learning.
Fabian ordered chicken from a national chicken chain restaurant and became very ill immediately after eating it. Years later, Fabian still feels queasy when he sees an advertisement for the chicken chain or drives by one of its establishments. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the:
The bacteria that caused the illness.
Frank takes his 1-year-old son, Jaleel, out for a walk. Jaleel reaches over to touch a red flower and is stung by a bumblebee sitting on the petals. The next day, Jaleel's mother brings home some red flowers. She removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it over for her baby to smell. Jaleel cries loudly as soon as he sees it. According to the principles of classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?
The bee sting.
How does the cognitive view of classical conditioning differ from the traditional behaviorist perspective?
The cognitive view maintains that mental processes as well as external events are important components in the learning process.
Ever since she foolishly drank too much tequila at a rock concert and vomited all over her best friend, Erin becomes nauseous at the smell or taste of tequila. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is _____and the conditioned response is _____.
The smell or taste of tequila; nausea.
Four-year-old Katie observed Maggie, two years younger, begin to cry when she fell down. Katie immediately ran over to Maggie and patted her on the back and told her everything would be alright. She even began to cry herself. Katie's ability to infer Maggie's mental and emotional state is an example of:
Theory of mind.
Wanda is an adult with autism spectrum disorder who has difficulty empathizing with the feelings of others and inferring what emotions another person might be experiencing. The ability in which Wanda seems to have reduced function is called:
Theory of mind.
Tina's goal is to raise children who enjoy playing musical instruments. Given what is known about observational learning, which strategy would be recommended to her?
Tina should play her own musical instrument in front of her children.
In classical conditioning, an event that naturally and automatically triggers a response is called a(n):
Unconditioned stimulus.
Sonya had leukemia as a child and had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she underwent a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. The chemotherapy is the:
Unconditioned stimulus.
In Watson and Rayner's experiment with Little Albert, the fear of a loud noise was the _____response.
Unconditioned.
Although it is unknown if one must buy 1, 10, or 100 scratch-off lottery tickets to get a winning ticket, it is probable that if one keeps buying, eventually one will get a winner. In fact, maybe the very next ticket will be a winner. Therefore, buying scratch-off lottery tickets is reinforced according to a _____schedule.
Variable-ratio.
For professional baseball players, swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a _____schedule.
Variable-ratio.
Seven-year-old Mark likes to watch Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtlesevery day after school. When the program is finished, he meets his friends in his backyard and they playfully dropkick each other over and over. This eventually leads to real fighting between the children. This is an example of the _____effect.
Violence-viewing.
According to Bandura's theory of observational learning, portrayals of violence on television are more likely to be imitated when:
Violent behavior is performed by the hero or another attractive, high-status individual.
Baby May is 12 months of age. Which statement is an example of the MOST sophisticated ability of which May is probably capable?
When her mother turns to look at the television screen, May can also turn and look at the screen.